William Shakespeare - Visul unei nopti de vara

The second half of the 16^th century and the beginning of the 17^th are sometimes called in England The Age of Shakespeare". William Shakespeare's the greatest English poet and dramatist and an indisputed world figure in literature. Altought his works (37 play, 154 sonnets and two long poems) are well knwnall 444d324e over the world we know little about his life.

Shakespeare was born on 23 April 1564, at stratford -upon-Avon, a little town in the heart of England. He was educated at the local grammarschool but as his father's business went from bad to worse, he had to leave school and begin to earn his living. We next hear of him when were eighteen and a married man. At the age of twenty-one, he set off to seek his fortune in the gratuity of London. There, he was inturn a horse-keep, a stage-boy, a play mender and finally a play-Wright. Shakespeare spent the last years of his life at Stratford, where he died on the 23^rd of April 1616.

William Shakespeare was a great humanist. His interes in the life and the people of his time made him watch with an observant eye the scenery of his native country, men and women in all walks of life, their appearance, habits and speech. He was familiar with the traditions of English folklore and showed deep concern for his people and his county's destiny.His work may be divided into three periods:

I.          The first period is hat of poems the sonnets, the historical plays or "chronicles"(Richard II, Richard III, Henry IV Julius Caesar etc.) comedies (Twelfth Night, A Midsummer Night Dream, The Taming of the Shrew, The Merchant of Venice, etc) and a few tragedies (Romeo and Juliet, etc.). In general Shakespeare's writings in this period are full of optimism.

II.        The second period includes the great tragedies (Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth) The disillusionment of the humanists is felt throughout.

III.           The third period includes the "romance"plays (The Tempest, The Winter`s Tale, etc.) which are caracterized by a more serene atmosphere

Altought Shakespeare`s language is very difficult, almost evry word combination forms a picture. To understand Shakespeare (both his language and his ideas), we have not "to read" but "to study" his works as our great poet Mihai Eminescu said.

The apeat compilation of stiles from the comical group of William Shakespeare has a tipical example in A Midsummer Nigt`s Dream.

In this opera, the "Mask"-specific for this time joins to the popular medieval theatre elements, represented by the guilds & english folklore. (The place of conventional cupidon has been taken by the elf Puck, known by the people as Robyn Good Fellow. Using elements from the world of popular tales the fantastic of Shakespeare is realist, elfs & fairys has human characteristics. By noticing the real life, shakespeare found the main characteristics of this dramatical "fraek": the victory of human sentiments against the lows of an old century. But, this victory is not complete; the poet remarks the conventionalism of happy-end trought the voice of actor handicrafts man, who used to say so often the truyh A Midsummer Night's Dream (c. 1595-1596). Its fantasy-filled insouciance is achieved by the interweaving of several plots involving two pairs of noble lovers, a group of bumbling and unconsciously comic townspeople, and members of the fairy realm, notably Puck, King Oberon, and Queen Titania. These three worlds are brought together in a series of encounters that veer from the magical to the absurd and back again in the space of only a few lines. In Act III, for example, Oberon plays a trick on Titania while she sleeps, employng Puck to anoint her with a potion that will causeher to fall in lowe whit

the first creature she sees on waking. As luck would have it, she opens her eyes to the sight of Bottom the weaver; himself adorned by Puck with an ass's head. Yet the comic episode of the Queen of the Fairies "enamoured of an ass" (4.i.76) echoes the play's more profound concerns with the nature of the real.

He studied with patient, has meditated profound, he understood detailed until his knoledge, becomed habit and intuition,

A genius who shines in all direction, this is

Shakespeare

(Victor Hugo, 1864)

Bibliography

"Encarta99" Duble C.D

"Scriitori straini" Editura stiintifica si enciclopedica  

Bucuresti 1981.

"Shakespeare"-opere complete Editura univers  

Bucuresti 1984