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COMENZI UZUALE īn LINUX

linux


ALTE DOCUMENTE

COMENZI UZUALE īn LINUX

COMENZI UZUALE īn LINUX

man [-k] [section] keyword



Sectiuni: 1. Executable or shell commands

2. System calls

3. Library calls

4. File formats

5. Games

6. Miscellaneous informations

7. Maintenance commands

LUCRUL CU DIRECTOARELE

mkdir [-p] numedirector CREAZĂ DIRECTOR

cd numedirector      SCHIMBĂ DIRECTORUL CURENT

cd .. DIRECTOR PĂRINTE

cd / DIRECTOR RADACINĂ

cd ~ DIRECTORUL HOME

cd DIRECTORUL HOME

CREAREA FISIERELOR

Cu un editor de text: vi sau pico sau emacs .

Comanda touch creeaza fisiere goale

touch numefisier(e)

Prin rularea diferitelor aplicatii

pico numefisier     

LUCRUL CU FIsIERELE

cat fisier [>] [fisier destinatie]

Combina fisiere

Afiseaza continutul unui fisier

more sau less numefisier

Afiseaza continutul fisierului (pagina cu pagina)

cmp [-l] fisier1 fisier2

Compara doua fisiere

-l afiseaza nr. byte-ului diferit si valorile bytes diferiti

LUCRUL CU FIsIERELE

cp [-R] fisiersursa fisierdestinatie

Copiaza fisierul sursa in locul destinatie

-R recursiv

mv fisiersursa fisiertinta

Muta un fisier

LUCRUL CU FIsIERELE

rm [-Rif] numefisier

sterge fisierul 19219v2113t

-r īntregul continut

-i proces interactiv

-f proces fortat

pwd

Afiseaza locul din structura de fisiere īn care ne aflam īn acel moment

LUCRUL CU FIsIERELE

file numefisier

Afiseaza tipul fisierului

find cale [-type fdl]

Cauta īn calea specificata tipul specificat:      f pentru fisier

d pentru director

l pentru legatura

ALTE COMENZI UTILE

locate keyword (locate -u)

Descopera caile la care se afla fisierele ce contin keyword

stat numefisier

Statistici despre fisier

ls [-laR] numedirector

Afiseaza continutul directorului

-l lista lunga, detaliata

-a inclusiv fisierele ascunse

-R inclusiv continutul subdirectoarelor (Recursiv)

ALTE COMENZI UTILE

wc [-lwc] numefisier

Numara intr-un fisier: liniile (-l), cuvintele (-w),

caracterele (-c)

Fara optiuni: toate rezultatele cautarii

clear

Curata ecranul

ALTE COMENZI UTILE

mount -t [fs] /dev/sursa /mnt/destinatie

Monteaza CDROM, FLOPPY, alte partitii

fs poate fi: vfat- Win 9x, ntfs- Win 2k, ext2- Linux

iso9660- CDROM

sursa: /dev/cdrom, /dev/fd0, /dev/hda*, /dev/hdb*

destinatie: /mnt/cdrom, /mnt/floppy

umount -t [fs] /dev/sursa /mnt/destinatie

Demonteaza

ALTE COMENZI UTILE

useradd [-a] numeutilizator

Adauga un nou utilizator

Din root

userdel [-a] numeutilizator

sterge un utilizator

passwd

Modifica parola

who sau finger

Informatii despre toti utilizatorii log-ati īn sistem

ĪNCHIDEREA/REPORNIREA CALCULATORULUI

shutdown -h now

shutdown +minute

shutdown -r now

halt

reboot

METACARACTERELE

comenzi multiple pe aceeasi linie

īnlocuieste un sir de caractere

īnlocuieste un caracter

potriveste o categorie de caractere pe un loc

< > >> redirecteaza intrari respectiv iesiri

Table 56.1. Linux header files in /usr/src/linux/include/linux.

File

Description

a.out.h

Generated for the GNU C compilers.

atalk.h

Appletalk network structures and definitions.

autoconf.h

Automatically generated C config file. Don't edit it!

ax25.h

Definitions for the AX.25 protocol.

aztcd.h

Definitions for a AztechCD268 CD-ROM interface.

binfmts.h

Binary formats for the files.

bios32.h

BIOS32, PCI BIOS functions and defines.

blkdev.h

Block device information.

busmouse.h

Header file for Logitech Bus Mouse driver.

cdrom.h

General header for all CD-ROM drives.

cdu31a.h

Definitions for a Sony interface CD-ROM drive.

cm206.h

Definitions for a CM206 CD-ROM drive and adapter.

coff.h

The COFF file format definitions.

config.h

Linux kernel configuration header.

ctype.h

Standard C types header.

cyclades.h

For the Cyclades devices.

debugreg.h

Debug registers header file.

delay.h

Delay routines using a precomputed loops_per_second value.

elf.h

The Executable and Linking Format (ELF) definitions.

errno.h

The standard error return definitions.

etherdevice.h

Ethernet device handlers declarations.

ext2_fs.h

The new extended file system (e2fs) declarations.

ext_fs.h

The ext file system (efs) definitions for older Linux versions.

fcntl.h

The standard file control declaration.

fd.h

Floppy disk software control definitions.

fdreg.h

Definitions for the floppy disk controller.

fs.h

Definitions for some important file table structures.

genhd.h

Generic hard disk header declarations.

gscd.h

Definitions for a GoldStar R420 CD-ROM interface.

hdreg.h

Declarations for the AT hard disk controllers.

head.h

Headers for Intel Global and Interrupt Descriptor tables.

hpfs_fs.h

OS/2 HPFS file system.

icmp.h

Definitions for the ICMP protocol.

if.h

Definitions for the INET interface module.

if_arp.h

Definitions for the ARP (RFC 826) protocol.

if_ether.h

Definitions for the Ethernet IEEE 802.3 interface.

if_fw.h

Definitions for an IP firewall module.

if_plip.h

PLIP tuning facilities for the new Niibe PLIP.

if_ppp.h

Constants and structures for use with the PPP module.

if_slip.h

Constants for special use with the SLIP/CSLIP/KISS TNC driver.

igmp.h

Internet Gateway Management Protocol (IGMP).

in.h

Definitions of the Internet Protocol.

in_systm.h

Miscellaneous Internetwork definitions for the Linux kernel.

inet.h

Internet Protocol headers.

interrupt.h

For Linux interrupt drivers.

ioctl.h

Standard I/O control definitions.

ioport.h

For detecting, reserving, and allocating system resources.

ip.h

Definitions for the IP protocol.

ipc.h

For interprocess communication.

ipx.h

For sockets in network programming.

iso_fs.h

The ISO file system headers.

kd.h

Kernel development declarations.

kernel.h

Kernel header file declarations.

kernel_stat.h

More kernel statistics header file declarations.

keyboard.h

Declaration for using the keyboard.

ldt.h

Definitions for use with Local Descriptor Tables.

limits.h

Limits for the kernel to use.

linkage.h

Linking declarations for the kernel.

locks.h

File locking definitions.

lp.h

Line printer support header.

major.h

Major device number header.

malloc.h

Standard memory management function header.

math_emu.h

Math emulation declarations.

mc146818rtc.h

Register definitions for RealTime Clock and CMOS RAM.

mcd.h

Definitions for a Mitsumi CD-ROM interface.

mcdx.h

Definitions for the Mitsumi CD-ROM interface.

minix.h

The minix file system constants/structures.

mm.h

Memory manager for kernel.

mman.h

Memory mapping definitions.

module.h

For use with dynamic loading of modules into the kernel.

mouse.h

For use with serial mouse.

msdos_fs.h

The MS-DOS file system constants/structures.

msg.h

For message processing in Linux IPC.

mtio.h

Definitions for magnetic tape I/O functions.

net.h

Implementation file for the networking portion of the Linux kernel.

optcd.h

Definitions for the Optics Storage 8000AT CD-ROM drive.

param.h

Internal Linux parameters header.

pci.h

PCI bus defines and function prototypes.

personality.h

Linux file personality declarations.

pipe_fs_i.h

For use with Linux file pipes.

ppp.h

For use with Point-to-Point Protocol with Linux.

proc_fs.h

The proc file system constants/structures.

ptrace.h

Defines to help the user use the ptrace system call.

resource.h

Resource control/accounting header file for Linux.

route.h

Global definitions for the IP router interface.

sbpcd.h

For Panasonic CD-ROM drives.

sched.h

The Linux task scheduler.

scsicam.h

SCSI CAM support functions, use for HDIO_GETGEO, and so on.

sem.h

For use with semaphores on Linux.

serial.h

Linux serial I/O definitions.

serial_reg.h

For the UART port assignments.

shm.h

For shared memory use on Linux.

signal.h

For Linux signal information.

sjcd.h

Definitions for a Sanyo CD-ROM drive.

skbuff.h

Definitions for the struct sk_buff memory handlers.

socket.h

More declarations of the socket-level I/O control calls.

sockios.h

More declarations of the socket-level I/O control calls.

sonycd535.h

Defines all of the commands for the CD-ROMs by Sony (CDU-531-5).

soundcard.h

For interfacing with soundcards.

stat.h

Standard C and UNIX definitions.

stddef.h

Standard C definitions.

string.h

String functions declarations for C programmers.

symtab_begin.h

Symbol table entries.

symtab_end.h

Symbol table entries.

sys.h

System call entry points.

sysv_fs.h

The SystemV/Coherent file system definitions.

tasks.h

For specifying the maximum number of tasks at one time in Linux.

tcp.h

Definitions for the TCP protocol.

termios.h

Terminal I/O declarations.

time.h

Standard declarations for use with timers.

timer.h

Do not modify this timer declarations file.

times.h

For use with Linux kernel timers.

timex.h

For TIMEX devices.

tpqic02.h

include file for the QIC-02 driver for Linux.

tqueue.h

The task queue handling information for Linux.

tty.h

Defines some structures used by tty_io.c

tty_driver.h

Defines interface between low-level tty driver and its routines.

types.h

Standard Linux variable type definitions.

udp.h

Definitions for the UDP protocol.

ultrasound.h

For Ultrasound CD-ROM devices.

umsdos_fs.h

The UMSDOS file system header.

un.h

Linux header for socket programming.

unistd.h

Standard UNIX file header.

user.h

For use with core dumps and user segments.

utime.h

Time information.

utsname.h

Time information and structures.

version.h

Linux version information.

vfs.h

Virtual file system headers.

vm86.h

Virtual memory management routines.

vt.h

For use with virtual terminals.

xd.h

Definitions for the I/O ports, and so forth, for XT hard disk contollers.

modules/

Contains the file ksyms.ver, a symbol version table generated by genksyms


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