ALTE DOCUMENTE
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PROBLEM WORDS
Programme 1 Lend and borrow
Programme 2 Lie and lie
Programme 3 Damage and hurt
Programme 4 Invent and discover
Programme 5 Listen and hear
Programme 6 Match and suit
Programme 7 Rob and steal
Programme 8 Remind and remember
Programme 9 Say and tell
Programme 10 Win, make and earn
Programme 11 Check and control
Programme 12 Lose, miss and waste
Programme 13 Look at and watch
Programme 14 Look and see
Programme 15 Life, live and alive
Programme 16 Look for, look after and look at
Programme 17 Drive and ride
Programme 18 Go on, go in and go by
Programme 19 Bored and boring
Programme 20 Interested and interesting
Programme 21 Another and the other
Programme 22 For and since
Programme 23 Put on and take off
Programme 24 Game, match and play
Programme 25 Bring and take
Programme 26 Travel and trip
Programme 27 Sail, fly and drive
Programme 28 Heal and cure
Programme 29 Plate and dish
Programme 30 Brand, mark and make
Programme 31 Actual, current and present
Programme 32 For and during
Programme 33 Travel, journey and voyage
Programme 34 Few and a few
Programme 35 Damaged and injured
Programme 36 While and during
Programme 37 Good and well
Programme 38 Excited and exciting
Programme 39 Been and gone
Programme 40 Old, antique and ancient
Programme 41 Study and learn
Programme 42 Rise and raise
Programme 43 By and until
Programme 44 Like and as
Programme 45 Sorry and excuse me
Programme 46 So and such
Programme 1 Lend and borrow
Dnes se podíváme na dvě osidná slovesa, která se nám Čechům pletou: lend and borrow - půjčit a půjčit si. Poslechněte si rozhovor o známém řeckém rejdařském multimilionáři Aristotelu Onassisovi.
Vioce 1: So how did Aristotel Onassis start his career?
Vioce 2: Well, when he was 16 years old, he borrowed some money from a friend
and bought an old boat.
Vioce 1: Oh, really! And how long did it take for him to become a millionaire?
Vioce 2: Em... about 10 years when he was 26. At that time he had a lot of large ships.
Vioce 1: Amazing! And now of course the company he started lends thousands of dollars
to other businesses.
Vioce 2: That's right.
Kdyz bylo Onassisovi 16, půjčil si peníze od svého přítele a koupil starou loď. A dnes společnost, kterou zalozil, půjčuje tisíce dolarů jiným podnikům. Anglicky se půjčit si řekne: borrow - a následuje předlozka - from. A půjčit někomu něco se řekne: lend. Po lend následuje předlozka - to. Celá slovesná vazba zní: borrow from, a lend to. Nezapomeňte, ze sloveso "lend" je nepravidelné, minulý čas je: lent.
Cvičení:
Dokončete podle smyslu neúplné věty pomocí sloves "lend" a "borrow":
1/ Did Onassis's friend give Onassis the money to buy the boat?
No. He didn't give it to him. He.........
2/ Did she give that camera to her son?
No. She didn't give it to him. She........
3/ Did his father give him that car?
No. He didn't give it to him. He........
4/ Did Sean get that book from the shop or the library?
He didn't get it from the shop. He.........
Programme 1 Lend and borrow
1. He lent it to him.
2. She lent it to him.
3. He lent it to him.
4. He borrowed it from the library.
Programme 2 Lie and lie
Anglické sloveso: lie má dva významy, a navíc v jednom významu je pravidelné a ve druhém nepravidlené. Uslysíte dvě ukázky a kazdá obsahuje jeden z významů slovesa lie. První ukázka je z pořadu o neobvyklých světových rekordech:
TV presenter: Hello and welcome to our programme about unusual world records. Now, how long do you think someone can lie on a bed of nails? Well, Ken Owen set a world record in England in 1986 when he lay on a bed of nails for 300 hours. However, back in 1969 a man called Silki from Brazil said that he had lain on a bed of nails for 111 days!
Tady sloveso lie znamenlo lezet. Redaktor se ptal: Jak dlouho vydrzí člověk lezet na lůzku z hřebíků? V tomto významu je sloveso lie nepravidelné, má nepravidelný minulý čas prostý: lay. A příčestí minulé zní: lain.
Druhá ukázka je z pořadu o "řeči těla". Redaktor poukazuje na význam drobných pohybů při mluvení, jako je třeba zakrývání si úst a nebo dotýkání se nosu. V tomto případě je sloveso lie pravidelné.
TV presenter: Hello and welcome to this week's programme. Now, how can you tell if someone is lying? Well, researchers tell us that we can see if someone is not telling the truth simply by watching what they do when they speak. For example, if people touch their nose or cover their mouth when they are speaking, it is very possible that they have lied.
Tady sloveso lie znamenalo lhát. Redaktor například řekl, ze kdyz se lidé při mluvení dotýkají nosu, je značně pravděpodobné, ze lzou. Minulý čas od lie je v tomto případě pravidelný: lied, třetí osoba čísla jednotného je samozřejmě: lies.
Cvičení:
Dokončete podle smyslu neúplné věty pomocí slovesa "lie". Dávejte pozor na správný tvar:
1/ He didn't tell the truth. He...
2/ He stayed in bed. He ...
3/ She has stayed in the sun all day. She...
4/ Don't believe her. She...
5/ You look tired, have a rest on the bed. You look tired....
Programme 2 Lie and lie
1. He lied.
2. He lay in bed.
3. She has lain in the sun all day.
4. She lies.
5. You look tired, lie on the bed.
Programme 3 Damage and hurt
Poslechněte si zprávu o hurikánu, který 16. října 1987 postihl jihovýchodní Anglii, a zaměřte se na slovesa: poskodit a zranit:
Newsreader: Good morning. It's eight o'clock on Friday the 16th of October 1987. Early this morning at around two o'clock a hurricane hit the south east of England with winds of up to 200 kilometres per hour. Thousands of houses and cars were damaged as winds knocked over more than a million trees. Very few people were seriously hurt because they were sleeping during the storm, but some people were very lucky. One man was in bed when a tree fell into his bedroom. His house was badly damaged but he was not hurt.
Ve zprávě jste slyseli pasivní tvar slovesa poskodit - poskozen, respektive: poskozeno: damaged, a pasivní tvar slovesa zranit - zraněn, zraněno - hurt. Sloveso damaged se pouzívá ve spojení s nezivými předměty a stejně jako v čestině si také můzete poskodit - damage i orgány v těle - ty se taky povazují za věci. Sloveso hurt zase naopak uzíváme, kdyz mluvíme o člověku: His house was damaged but he was not hurt.
Cvičení:
Dokončete věty pomocí slovesa `damaged' nebo `hurt':
1/ He's fallen over. Don't move him because he is .....................
2/ Because of the accident my car was badly.....................
3/ That was a very unkind thing to say to me. I'm deeply.....................
4/ Delicate things can be easily.....................
5/ If you all wear seatbelts, nobody will be.....................
Programme 3 Damage and hurt
1. Don't move him because he is hurt.
2. My car was badly damaged.
3. I'm deeply hurt.
4. Delicate things can be easily damaged.
5. Nobody will be hurt.
Programme 4 Invent and discover
Poslechněte si, jak se dva lidé dohadují o tom, kdo vynalezl auto. Během rozhovoru si spolu ujasňují význam a přesné uzití sloves: invent and discover - vynalézt a objevit:
A : Who discovered the first car?
B: Nobody.
A: What do you mean?
B: You can only discover something that already exists, for example, a place like a lost city or information or facts, but you have to invent something like the first car because it never existed before.
A: OK. So who invented the first car?
B: A Frenchman.
A: You're wrong. It was a German called Benz in 1885.
Benz invented the first car to use petrol.
B: OK. So who discovered Australia?
A: Van Diemann discovered Australia in 1762.
První auto vynalezl Němec Benz a vynalezl ho roku 1885. Vynalézt se anglicky řekne: to invent a objevit něco, co uz existujeje: to discover: You can only discover something that already exists
Cvičení
Doplňte podle smyslu sloveso "invent" a nebo sloveso "discover".
Van Dieman ............................ Australia.
2/ Benz ............................ the first car.
3/ Who ............................ the lost city of Atlantis?
4/ Who ............................ the typewriter?
5/ Scientists haven't ............................ a cure for Aids.
Programme 4 Invent and discover
1. Van Dieman discovered Australia. 4. Who invented the typewriter?
2. Benz invented the first car. 5. Scientists haven't discovered a cure for Aids
3. Who discovered the lost city of Atlantis?
Programme 5 Listen and hear
Dnes se podíváme na rozdílné pouzití sloves listen and hear. Poslechněte si dva minidialogy. První je o ptácích a druhý o hudbě.
FX: SOUND OF A CUCKOO
Woman 1: Can you hear that?
Woman 2: No, I can't hear anything.
FX: SOUND OF A CUCKOO
Woman 1: There. I heard it again.
Woman 2: No, I can't hear a thing. I'm much older than you, so it's more difficult to hear.
FX: A´CAPELLA MUSIC
Man 1: Listen to this a´capella. The people sing without instruments.
Man 2: I don't want to listen to it. I prefer heavy metal.
Man 1: Heavy metal?! That's noise. I prefer real music.
V prvním dialogu chce jedna z zen slyset kukačku, ale bohuzel ji neslysí, protoze má potíze se sluchem. Slyset se řekne: hear. Poslouchat je: listen. Po obou slovesech následuje předlozka to. Sloveso listen to pouzíváme v případě, kdyz činíme vědomé rohodnutí, a sloveso hear v případě, kdy nemáme na výběr.
Cvičení
Doplňte podle smyslu sloveso "hear" nebo "listen":
1/ My ears are very bad, I can't ..................... .
2/ When I speak to you, why don't you ..................... .
3/ The cuckoo is calling again. Can't you ..................... it.
4/ Shhh! This is my favourite song. Be quiet and ..................... . to it.
5/ You are speaking too softly. I can't ..................... . you.
Programme 5 Listen and hear
1. I can't hear.
2. Why don't you listen.
3. Can't you hear it?
4. Be quiet and listen to it.
5. I can't hear you.
Programme 6 Match and suit
Dnes se podíváme dvě podobná slovesa: match a suit. Suit známená hodit se, sluset. Match taky můzete někdy pouzít ve významu hodit se, ale dále znamená: být stejný jako. Uslysíte odborníka na barevné odstíny, který hovoří o tom, jak je důlezité se správně oblékat.
Colour Expert: The first thing to do is to find the colours that suit us. That means of course wearing colours that make us feel and look good. For example, somebody with light skin, brown hair and green eyes usually looks good in blue or green clothes. But, if somebody wears clothes that match the colour of their hair, for example, a brown jacket with brown hair, then they probably won't feel so relaxed or comfortable.
Tak podle experta na barevné odstíny, kdyz máte na sobě oblečení stejné barvy jako vlasy, nebudete se cítit tak uvolněně a příjemně. Anglické sloveso suit tady znamené sluset. Po - suit následuje předmět - v tomto případě
to bylo zájmeno "nám": The first thing to do is to find the colours that suit us. Sloveso match znamená být stejný jako.U slovesa match je to jednodussí, dá se pouzít s předmětem a nebo i bez předmětu. S předmětem: If somebody wears clothes that match their hair, they won't feel so good. Bez předmětu: It's not good if the colour of our hair and clothes match.
Cvičení
Podle smyslu dokončete načatou větu pomocí "suit" a nebo "match". Nezapomeňte na případný předmět.
1/ Did you know that in Van in the east of Turkey cats have one blue eye and one yellow one? So the colours of the cats' eyes don't .......................
2/ I want to buy a jacket and a pair of trousers for my school uniform, so the colours must. .........................
3/ This hat is very old-fashioned, so don't buy it for me because the style doesn't ..........................
4/ You have a very round face so don't have a short haircut because it won't. .........................
5/ You are the thief because the fingerprints on the stolen vase and your fingerprints ...........................
Programme 6 Match and suit
1. So the colours of the cats' eyes don't match.
2. So the colours must match.
3. Because the style doesn't suit me.
4. Because it won't suit you.
5. Because the fingerprints on the stolen vase and your fingerprints match.
Programme 7 Rob and steal
Dnes si ukázeme, jak správně pouzívat slovesa: rob and steal. Poslechněte si radu jednoho zloděje, jak chytře krást.
FX: JAIL
Thief : Well, you see, clever criminals don't rob banks, they don't rob people in the street. Clever criminals don't steal radios from cars, and they don't steal cars. Clever criminals simply steal things from other successful criminals
Chytří kriminálníci údajně okrádají jiné úspěsné kriminálníky. Anglické sloveso to rob znamená vyloupit, oloupit, okrást a sloveso to steal znamená krást. Po slovese rob následují jako předmět lidi nebo banka: You can rob banks. You can rob people in the street. A po slovese steal můze následovat jako přímý předmět věc: You can steal radios from cars. You can steal cars. You can steal things from other people.
Cvičení
Které sloveso předcházelo? "Steal" nebo "rob"?
1/ ......... someone in the street. 5/ ........a new car
2/ .......a bank 6/ .......a camera
3/ ...... an old lady 7/ ........a taxi driver
4/ ........a handbag
Programme 7 Rob and steal
1. Rob someone in the street. 5. Steal a new car.
2. Rob a bank. 6. Steal a camera.
3. Rob an old lady. 7. Rob a taxi driver.
4. Steal a handbag.
Programme 8 Remind and remember
Slovesa: remind a remember se často pletou. Pan Jenkins se vrací ze sluzební cesty, právě přistál na letisi, kde ho čeká jeho osobní tajemník James.
AIRPORT
James: Hello, Mr Jenkins.
Mr J: How are things at the office?
James: Oh fine, just fine.
Mr J: Good, good. Did you remember to call the printers?
James: The printers.... er no, Mr Jenkins.
Mr J: But I left a note to remind you to call the printers.
J: Yes, Mr Jenkins.
Mr J: And the order for the new furniture. Did you remember to send it?
James: The order... for the furniture... No, Mr Jenkins.
Mr J: But I rang and reminded you to send it! And... the report?
James: No, Mr Jenkins. No, I didn't remember to write the report. Erm, Mr Jenkins...
Mr J: Yes, yes, what is it?
James: Erm, Mr Jenkins, did you remember to buy a present for your wife?
Mr J: Oh, no! Why didn't someone remind me!!
Osobní tajemník pana Jenkinse James zapomněl zavolat do tiskárny, poslat objednávku na nový nábytek a taky zapomněl napsat zprávu. Pan Jenkins zapomněl jedinou věc - koupit dárek pro manzelku. Anglické remember to do something znamená vzpomenout si, ze máte něco udělat: Did you remember to call the printers? Vzpomněl sis, a zavolal jsi do tiskárny? Nezapomněl jsi zavolat do tiskárny? Připomenout někomu, aby něco udělal se anglicky řekne remind someone to do something: But I rang and reminded you to send it! Připomínal jsem ti, abys to poslal.
Cvičení
Vyjádřete jiným způsobem pomocí sloves "remind" nebo "remember":
Tell John to come.
2/ Don't forget to phone.
3/ Tell John to phone.
4/ I told John to write
5/ I forgot to write.
6/ Did you tell John to go?
Programme 8 Remind and remember
1. Remind John to come. 5. I didn't remember to write.
2. Remember to phone. 6. Did you remind John to go?
3. Remind John to phone.
4. I reminded John to write.
Programme 9 Say and tell
Podíváme na rozdílné pouzití sloves: say and tell. Minulý čas: said and told. Uslysíte, jak se Sue a Andy doma hádají. Sue je přesvědčena, ze Andy o ní řekl něco nelichotivého, ale on to popírá.
Sue: I beg your pardon!! Did you say something?
Andy: No, I didn't say anything.
Sue: Yes, you did.
Andy: No. I said nothing, nothing at all.
Sue: Yes, you did. You said I was fat. And I've told you not to mention that again. I told you not to talk about my appearance. I told you to forget about my weight.
Andy: But, Sue, Sue. I didn't say `You're fat'. Actually, I said, `Your hat'. Look, over there, on the floor, your hat, your hat.
Andy tvrdí, ze řekl "tvůj klobouk" a ne, jak slysela Sue :"jsi tlustá". V angličtině to totiz zní podobně: you're fat - your hat. Po slovese say obvykle následuje nezivotný předmět: Did you say something? I didn't say anything. I said nothing. Po slovese tell zase často následuje zivotný předmět a infinitiv: I've told you not to mention that again. I told you not to talk about my appearance. I told you to forget about my weight.
Cvičení
Doplňte sloveso "say" a nebo "tell":
1/ I don't know the answer, so please .......... ..... ...... ... me.
2/ Be quiet and don't .......... ..... ...... ... anything.
3/ He shouldn't smoke, please .......... ..... ...... ... him not to smoke.
4/ I didn't hear the question, please .......... ..... ...... ... it again.
5/ I want John to come here, please .......... ..... ...... ... him to come home.
Programme 9 Say and tell
1. So, please tell me.
2. And don't say anything.
3. Please tell him not to smoke.
4. Please say it again.
5. Please tell him to come here.
Programme 10 Win, make and earn
Tři slovesa uzívaná ve spojení s penězi: win, make and earn - se často zaměňují. Uslysíte dva lidi, jak se baví o kupování losů spanělské loterie El Gordo, která probíhá kolem vánoc a je to nejbohatsí loterie na světě.
Voice 1: Have you seen this article about the Spanish lottery called El Gordo?
Voice 2: How much can you win?
Voice 1: You won't believe this, but you can win over 90 million pounds as first prize and the total to be won is over 400 million pounds. The government is very happy because they make a profit of around 200 million pounds.
Voice 2: But you have to earn a lot of money in your job to buy a ticket because they are so expensive.
Voice 1: Not really because sometimes over 50 people share the cost of a ticket and they can still make a fortune by winning over a million pounds each.
Voice 2: Phew!
Víte, proč si lidé kupují losy společně? Protoze jsou velmi drahé. Sloveso win znamená vyhrát, sloveso make je obvykle spojeno se ziskem - získat. Sloveso earn se obvykle pouzívá, kdyz hovoříme o zaměstnání - vydělávat.
Cvičení
Dokončete podle smyslu pomocí sloves "win, make" anebo "earn".
1/ You have a very high salary. How much do you ...................?
2/ I hear you got first prize in the lottery. How much did you ..................?
3/ When you sold your old car, how much money did you .................. ?
4/ Before I accept the new job, can you tell me how much money I will......?
5/ If you sell me that bicycle, how much will the shop .................. ?
Programme 10 Win, make and earn
1. How much do you earn?
2. How much did you win?
3. How much money did you make?
4. How much will I earn?
5. How much will the shop make?
Programme 11 Check and control
Přeneseme se do roku 3000 a vyslechneme si vzrusený rozovor reportéra s vesmírným policistou o ilegálním vstupu Marťanů na Zemi. Sledujte přitom podobná slovesa: check a control a jejich rozdílné pouzití.
Reporter: Hey, can you explain to me why there are so many Martians on Earth?
Policeman: Every night thousands of Martians enter Earth illegally from Mars.
Reporter: Why doesn't the global government control air space?
Policeman: They do. Every night the space police check the most popular entry points and send back many illegal immigrants.
Reporter: Well, the police could check the documents or the passports when they get a job.
Policeman: But we are talking about millions of Martians. The situation is just too big to control. In fact you could say that the situation is almost out of control.
Kdyz vesmírná policie chytí ilegální imigranty, posle je okamzitě zpátky. Sloveso control se uzívá, kdyz v daném systému nebo v určité situaci uplatňujeme svou pravomoc: Why doesn't the global government control air space?. Sloveso check se uzívá, kdyz kontrolujeme, zda je něco v pořádku, tak jak to má být: The police could check the documents. Dávejte pozor na vyslovnost slovesa control, přízvuk je na druhé slabice.
Cvičení
Doplňte podle smyslu sloveso "check" či "control":
1/ Excuse me, sir, can I quickly .......................... your visa?
2/ It's very difficult for the space police to ......................... Martians
entering Earth illegally.
3/ Stop laughing and .......................... yourself.
4/ A good teacher can .......................... noisy students.
5/ Can you .......................... my eyes please, Doctor?
6/ Can you .......................... the spelling of this word please?
Programme 11 Check and control
1. Excuse me, sir, can I quickly check your visa?
2. It's very difficult for the space police to control Martians entering Earth illegally.
3. Stop laughing and control yourself.
4. A good teacher can control noisy students.
5. Can you check my eyes please, Doctor?
6. Can you check the spelling of this word please?
Programme 12 Lose, miss and waste
Slovesa: lose, miss a waste uslysíme ve vzruseném dialogu dirigenta a houslisty:
Voice 1: You're late again.
Voice 2 I lost my violin.
Voice 1: And so of course you then missed your bus to come to the concertl.
Voice 2: That's right. That's why I missed the first half of the concert.
Voice 1: Every concert you miss the beginning or you lose something.
Voice 2: I'm really sorry.
Voice 1: I can't conduct orchestras with people like you. You are wasting my time and energy. There are lots of other people who can play the violin as well as you.
Voice 2: Sorry to interrupt you but the second half of the concert is about to begin and we don't want to miss it do we?
Sloveso miss se obvykle pouzívá, kdyz přijdete pozdě, kdyz něco "promáchnete": Of course you then missed your bus. To waste se pouzívá, kdyz nakládáme spatně s časem, energií a nebo penězi. A sloveso lose pouzíváme, kdyz něco někam zalozíme, ztratíme. Minulý čas zní: - lost. I lost my violin
Cvičení
Doplňte správné sloveso "lose, miss" nebo "waste":
1/ Oh dear! I have just ..................... my plane.
2/ What shall I do? I've just ..................... my plane ticket.
3/ Oh no! The only plane to Nairobi today has been cancelled.
I've ..................... my time coming here.
4/ Now I've ..................... the next airport bus to the city
5/ Excuse me, I've ..................... my luggage.
6/ I'm going to ..................... the first day of the conference in Nairobi.
Programme 12 Lose, miss and waste
1. I have just missed my plane.
2. I just lost my plane ticket.
3. I've wasted my time coming here. .
4. Now I've missed the next airport bus to the city.
5. Excuse me, I've lost my luggage.
6. I'm going to miss the first day of the conference in Nairobi
Programme 13 Look at and watch
Poslechněte si psycholozku, jak hovoří o body language - řeči těla. Pomůze nám odhalit taje nasí tiché komunikace. Prohlízí právě dvě holčičky - dvojčata. Sledujte při poslechu uzití dvou podobných sloves: look at a watch.
Psychologist: Look at the twins.
Second person: I can't tell the difference between the two of them. They are exactly the same.
P: Which one do you like more?
SP: The one on the left.
P: Why?
SP: She seems more friendly, but I don't know why.
P: I know why. Look carefully at her eyes.
SP: Oh yes! The girl on the left has bigger pupils.
P: Now watch as I shine a strong light into her eyes. Watch especially the pupils - the black area in the centre of her eyes.
SP: They're getting smaller and she seems less friendly.
P: Now next time you meet somebody, look at their eyes and watch if the size of the pupils changes. Big pupils mean they like you. Small pupils mean they don't like you so much.
Podle psychologa nase skryté city na nás nejvíce prozradí oční zřítelnice. Předevsím jejich velikost. Anlické sloveso to watch se pouzívá, kdyz sledujete pohyb, v nasem případě to byl pohyb panenek. To look at - dívat se, podívat se se pouzívá, kdyz se na něco podíváte, aniz byste sledovali pohyb: Next time you meet somebody, look at their eyes and watch if the size of their pupils changes.
Cvičení
Doplňte správné sloveso "look at" nebo "watch ":
1/ I want to .............................. the boxing match tonight.
2/ Stop talking and .............................. this photograph.
3/ Stop talking and .............................. the action in this film.
4/ Don't .............................. the wall. I'm talking to you.
5/ I .............................. the birds flying over for half an hour this morning.
Programme 13 Look at and watch
1. I want to watch the boxing match tonight.
2. Stop talking and look at this photograph.
3. Stop talking and watch the action in this film.
4. Don't look at the wall. I'm talking to you.
5. I watched the birds flying over for half an hour this morning.
Programme 14 Look and see
V rozhovoru radí muz zeně, aby vyzkousela známou metodu na cvičení očí. Toto cvičení prováděli staří Číňané před tisíciletími, a dnes je na trhu řada knih s touto známou metodou. Zaměřte se přitom na odlisné uzití sloves: look a see.
Voice 1 : I want to test your eyes. Look at these letters and read them.
Voice 2: I can't see them very clearly.
Voice 1: Look at them now because they are further away. Can you see them better now?
Voice 2: Yes, but I have to look at them very carefully. Maybe I need glasses.
Voice 1: Why don't you try the Bates Method?
Voice 2: What's that?
Voice 1: Well, every day you have to do eye exercises. It's a special technique made popular by an American about 70 years ago. He wrote a book about it.
Voice 2: Will I really see better?
Voice 1: Well, people who have tried it have had very good results.
Jak je zjevné z ukázky sloveso look znamená dívat se/ podívat se a sloveso see znamená vidět: Look at these letters and read them. I can't see them clearly.
Cvičení
Doplňte správné sloveso "look" nebo "see ":
1/ Can I ............................. the newspaper when you have finished?
2/ I can't ............................. the words clearly.
3/ Stop talking and ............................. this photograph carefully.
4/ ............................ me. I'm wearing new shoes.
5/ Don't ............................. the man.
6/ People who use the Bates Method can ............................. better.
Programme 14 Look and see
1. Can I see the newspaper when you have finished?
2. I can't see the words clearly.
3. Stop talking and look at this photograph carefully
4. Look at me. I'm wearing new shoes.
5. Don't look at the man.
6. People who use the Bates Method can see better.
Programme 15 Life, live and alive
Poslechněte si začátek rozhlasového pořadu o průměrné délce zivota lidí a zvířat a zaměřte se na tři velice podobná slova: life, live a alive. Nejdřív bude redaktor mluvit o průměrné délce zivota slona, nosorozce a člověka.
Radio Presenter : Hello and welcome to today's programme about life on planet Earth. Now, which of the following do you think can expect to have the longest life - an elephant, a rhino or a man? Well, an elephant can expect to live 60 years, a rhino can expect to live 70 years, and a man 68 years. But the most important question of all to ask is this: will any of these three still be alive here on Earth in the year 3000?
Nosorozec se dozívá nejdelsího věku, průměrný věk nosorozce je 70 let. Life znamená zivot: Today's programme about life on planet Earth. Zít se řekne anglicky live a zivý je alive: Will any of these three still be alive here on Earth in the year 3000?
Cvičení
Dokončete věty pomocí výrazů: "life, live" nebo "alive"
: 1/ Where does the white rhino .................... ?
2/ How long does a rhino .................... ?
3/ A rhino or an elephant; which has the longest ....................?
4/ Is that elephant over there still .................... ?
5/ The rhino is in danger; how can we save its ....................?
6/ In the year 3000 will man still be .................... ?
7/ Where do most elephants .................... ?
Programme 15 Life, live and alive
1. Where does the white rhino live?
2. How long does a rhino live?
3. Which has the longest life?
4. Is that elephant over there still alive?
5. How can we save its life?
6. In the year 3000 will man still be alive?
7. Where do most elephants live?
Programme 16 Look for, look after and look at
Uslysíte matku malinké Susie a sledujte přitom rozdíl mezi: look for, look after a look at:
Mother: (FRANTIC) Where's the baby?! Where is she? Where's Susie? Philip, Philip!! Where is she? Come and help me look for her!
Philip: I'm looking! I'm looking for her!!
Mother: (RELIEVED) Ah, there she is, I've found her. Thank goodness!
Mother: (ON THE PHONE) Hello, Jean? Hi! Mary here. Listen, could you do us a big favour tomorrow night? Could you come and look after Susie? We want to go out together. Thanks, that's great.
Mother: Ah, look at that, Philip. Look at Susie, she's smiling. Ahh.
Nejdříve matka hledala svou malou Susie. I'm looking for her!!. Potom zádala svou kamarádku, aby přisla Susie pohlídat. Could you come and look after Susie? A nakonec je velice spokojená, kdyz pozoruje, jak se Susie usmívá: Look at Susie, she's smiling. Look for znamená hledat, look after je hlídat, pohlídat a look at - dívat se, podívat se na.
Cvičení
Dokončete věty jedním ze sloves: "look for, look after" nebo "look at":
I must find my watch, please help me to .....................
2/ People's faces are very interesting to ......................
3/ I've lost my money, I must ......................
4/ You can borrow my new car, but please ...........................
5/ Where's Peter, can you help me to ......................
6/ My mother is 90, I have to ......................
7/ I'm changing my clothes. Please don't ......................
Programme 16 Look for, look after and look at
1. Please help me to look for it.
2. People's faces are very interesting to look at.
3. I must look for it.
4. Please look after it.
5. Can you help me to look for him?
6. I have to look after her.
7. Please don't look at me.
Programme 17 Drive and ride
Poslechneme si Billa, jak vykládá své přítelkyni o cestě z New Yorku do Los Angeles, kterou plánuje na léto. A z kontextu vyplyne rozdíl mezi pohybovými slovesy: drive a ride:
Bill: This summer I'm crossing the USA from New York to Los Angeles.
Woman: Really?! Are you driving?
Bill: No, I'm not driving that old car. It's driven too many miles this year already. I drove that car all the way to Canada last month.
Woman: You're not riding your motorbike?!
Bill: No, no.
Woman: Don't tell me, you're riding a horse all the way across!
Bill: No.
Woman: Donkey?!
Bill: No, I'm riding my bicycle. No one has ever ridden a bicycle from New York to Los Angeles before.
Woman: But it says here that someone from India rode a bicycle from New York to Los Angeles in 12 weeks in 1984!
Bill: Oh... !
Bill pojede z New Yorku do Los Angeles na kole: I'm riding my bicycle. Sloveso ride se pouzívá ve spojení se zvířaty, koly a motocykly - prostředky, na kterých sedíme: Don't tell me, you're riding a horse. Minulý čas prostý je - rode a příčestí minulé - ridden: Someone from India rode a bicycle from New York to Los Angeles.
Sloveso drive se pouzívá ve spojení s vozidly, jeho minulý čas prostý zní drove, příčestí minulé - driven: I'm not driving that old car.
Cvičení
Doplňte správné sloveso "drive" nebo "ride" ve správném čase a tvaru:
Can I .......... ..... ...... your new car?
2/ My father works on the London buses. He .......... ..... ...... a bus in London.
3/ I .......... ..... ...... a horse for the first time last week.
4/ Have you ever .......... ..... ...... a Rolls Royce?
5/ If you .......... ..... ...... a bicycle to work, you can keep fit.
6/ I have never .......... ..... ...... a Honda motorbike.
7/ When he was younger, he .......... ..... ...... a taxi in New York.
Programme 17 Drive and ride
1. Can I drive your new car?
2. He drives a bus in London.
3. I rode a horse for the first time last week.
4. Have you ever driven a Rolls Royce?
5. If you ride a bicycle to work, you can keep fit.
I have never ridden a Honda motorbike.
When he was younger, he drove a taxi in New York
Programme 18 Go on, go in and go by
Pohybové sloveso go uzívané ve spojení s dopravními prosředky často činí potíze, jelikoz po něm můze následovat řada různých předlozek. Podíváme se na tři předlozky: go on, go in a go by. Poslechněte si jazzovou skladbu:
Let's go on a ship.
Let's go on a plane.
Let's go on a bus.
Let's go on a train.
On all of these you'll find we're paying.
Let's go by ship.
Let's go by plane.
Let's go by car.
Let's go by bike.
Let's go by any method you like.
Let's go in my car.
Let's go in your limo.
Or cheapest of all
Let's stay at home for dinner.
Pamatujte si pravidlo - pro cestování veřejnou dopravou se pouzívá předlozka: on: Let's go on a bus. Kdyz cestujete soukromým dopravním prostředkem, potom se hodí předlozka: in: Let's go in my car. A při přeravě kterýmkoli dopravním prostředkem - ať uz veřejným nebo soukromým - můzete pouzít předlozku: by: Let's go by ship. Let's go by car. (Vsimněte si ze po předlozce by nenásleduje člen: Let's go by ship).
Cvičení
Dplňte správnou předlozku "on, by" a nebo " in":
1/ Let's go .............ship.
2/ Let's go ............. plane.
3/ Let's go ............ David's car.
4/ Let's go ............. the bus.
5/ When I went to Paris, I went .......... train.
6/ Can we go ............. your Rolls Royce?
7/ Mary's gone to the USA .............. ship.
8/ Why don't we go ................ the coach?
Programme 18 Go on, go in and go by
1. Let's go by ship. 5. When I went to Paris, I went by train.
2. Let's go by plane. 6. Can we go in your Rolls Royce?
3. Let's go in David's car. 7. Mary's gone to the USA by ship.
4. Let's go on the bus. 8. Why don't we go on the coach?
Programme 19 Bored and boring
Výrazy bored a boring se často pletou. Poslechněte si manzele Tima a Sue. Mluví o olympiádě Tima baví hod ostěpem, Sue zase ráda sleduje maraton:
(Roar of the athletics crowd).
Tim: Sue, did you see the javelin final? Petra Felke threw a record 74.68 metres. It was brilliant!
Sue: But the javelin is so boring! All that waiting after each throw. Now what about the marathon? When does it start?
Tim: The marathon? That has got to be the most boring thing in the Games. Two hours of watching runner after runner after runner go by...
Sue: Hmph! You wouldn't be bored if you were running, Tim.
But the javelin is so boring - nudný, řekla Sue. Bored - naopak znamená nudit se - být znuděný: You wouldn't be bored if you were running.
Cvičení
Doplňte "bored" anebo "boring":
1/ What a terrible book - it was so .......................
2/ What a terrible book - I was so .......................
3/ John almost fell asleep in the cinema - he was so .......................
4/ John almost fell asleep in the cinema - the film was so .......................
5/ The teacher really enjoys teaching, but he is still very .......................
6/ That was a terrible lesson - I and all of the other students were so .......................
Programme 19 Bored and boring
1. It's was so boring.
2. I was so bored.
3. He was so bored.
4. The film was so boring.
5. But he is still very boring.
I and all of the other students were so bored.
Programme 20 Interested and interesting
Výrazy: interested a interesting znamenají samozřejmě kazdý něco jiného, ale znějí tak podobně, ze se často pletou. V následujícím rozhovoru se na ně soustřeďte. John je v knihkupectví a vybírá si knihu do letadla. Má před sebou desetihodinový let z Londýna do Los Angeles.
Shop Asst: Good morning, sir. Can I help?
John: Yes, I'm flying to Los Angeles tomorrow and I want somethign to read on the flight.
Shop Asst: Yes, sir. We have a very interesting book on politics in the USA.
John: Mmm, no. I'm not really very interested in politics, I'm afraid.
Shop Asst: Very well. How about something on American football- this one about the Los Angeles team looks interesting.
John: Mmm, no not really. I'm not very interested in sport, I'm afraid.
Shop Asst: Very well, then. A guide book to California, perhaps?
Are you interested in California, sir?
John: Oh, yes. I'm interested in California... but I'm not very interested in guide books, I'm afraid.
Shop Asst: No, sir....
John si nemůze vybrat, přestoze mu knihkupec nabídl několik zajímavých knih: We have a very interesting book on politics in the USA. Nechce ani Průvodce Kalifornií, průvodci vesměs ho nezajímají: I'm not very interested in guide books, I'm afraid. To be interested in znamená zajímat se o něco.
Cvičení
Doplňte podle potřeby slovo "interesting" - zajímavý, nebo "interested"- zajímat se o něco:
1/ I like California and I'm very ............................ in Los Angeles.
2/ San Francisco is a very ............................ place.
3/ Are you ............................ in politics?
4/ No, I don't find politics ............................
5/ Politicians are more ............................ than politics.
Programme 20 Interested and interesting
1. I'm very interested in Los Angeles.
2. San Francisco is a very interesting place.
3. Are you interested in politics?
4. No, I don't find politics interesting.
5. Politicians are more interesting than politics.
Programme 21 Another and the other
Poslechněte si Petera, který je doma se svou zenou Angelou a ponouká ji, aby si vzala dalsí a dalsí bonbón z bonboniéry, a zaměřte se na pouzití výrazů: another a the other.
Peter: Would you like a chocolate, Angela?
Angela: Oh, yes please. Thank you.
Peter: Would you like another chocolate?
Angela: Mmm, yes. Thanks.
Peter: Another one?
Angela: Er... yes, alright. Thank you.
Peter: Another?
Angela: Well...
Peter: Come on, there are only two left. The strawberry cream?
Angela: Er, no... I'd prefer the other one actually - the plain one.
Peter: But the other one is my favourite.
Angela: Fine. OK, I'll have the strawberry one and you have the other... Er, actually, no..., no.... no thank you, Peter.
Z kontextu vidíte, ze another znamená dalsí - jestě jeden: Would you like another chocolate? The other znamená ten druhý - kdyz označujeme jednoho ze dvou lidí, či věcí: I'd prefer the other one actually.
Cvičení
Dokončete pomocí "another" nebo "the other":
1/ I have two brothers. I like one but I don't like .......................
2/ I've finished by cup of tea. Could you pour me. ...................... ?
3/ You've finished yur coffee. Would you like ........................?
4/ There are more sandwiches. Why don't you have .......................?
5/ There are only two more sandwiches.
Would you like the cheese one or ....................... ?
6/ There are two roads we can take to London.
I'm tired of this one, let's try ........................ ?
Programme 21 Another and the other
1. I like one but I don't like the other.
2. Could you pour me another?
3. Would you like another?
4. Why don't you have another?
5. Would you like the cheese one or the other?
6. Let's try the other.
Programme 22 For and since
Poslechněte si báseň o čase a planetě Zemi a soustřeťe se na uzití dvou předlozek: for a since.
Reader : How long have we been here on Earth?
For minutes...
For months...
For days...
For years... ?
How long have we been here on Earth?
Since five...
Since Friday...
Since February...
Since the Fall... ?
How long have we been here on Earth?
It doesn't really matter to the Earth at all.
Předlozka for se pouzívá před časovým úsekem: for days. Předlozka since se uzívá před specifickým časovým údajem: since five, since Friday
Cvičení
Doplňte správnou předlozku - "since" nebo "for":
: 1/ I've been here .................. 1971
2/ I've been here .................. months.
3/ I've been here .................. three weeks.
4/ I've been here .................. three o'clock.
5/ I've been here .................. December.
6/ I've been here .................. five years.
7/ I've been here .................. days.
8/ I've been here .................. a long time.
9/ I've been here .................. you left.
Programme 22 For and since
1. I've been here since 1971.
2. I've been here for months.
3. I've been here for three weeks.
4. I've been here since three o'clock.
5. I've been here since December.
6. I've been here for five years.
7. I've been here for days.
8. I've been here for a long time.
9. I've been here since you left.
Programme 23 Put on and take off
Poslechněte si manzele Andrewa a Mary. Chystají se na svatbu a Mary si zkousí různé klobouky. Zaměřte se přitom na význam frázových sloves: put on a take off.
Mary: Which hat shall I wear, Andrew?
Andrew: Mmmm.. put the red hat on.
Mary: OK. There. How's that?
Andrew: Erm.. No, it's terrible - take the red hat off. Put the blue hat on.
Mary: OK. And?
Andrew: No... no. Take it off. Put your new hat on.
Mary: My new hat... ?! There.
Andrew/Mary: No, take it off!
Mary: OK, then. I won't wear a hat.
Andrew: Put the red hat on again.
Mary: Andrew!
Andrew radí Mary, aby si nasadila červený klobouk: Put the red hat on. Put on znamená nasadit, ale taky vzít si na sebe a obléct si. Take off znamená sundat, svléct: Take it off! Sundej ho!
Cvičení
Doplňte buď "put on," anebo "take off":
1/ Does this hat look stupid? Yes, .......................
2/ Shall I wear the green hat? Yes, .......................
3/ The green hat is terrible, isn't it? Yes .......................
4/ Can you wear shoes in a house in Japan? No, you have to ....................
5/ Shall I wear this tie to the interview? Yes of course, .......................
6/ I'm too hot in this sweater. Why don't you ......................?
Programme 23 Put on and take off
1. Yes, take it off. 5. Yes, of course, put it on.
2. Yes, put it on. 6. Why don't you take it off?
3. Yes, take it off.
4. No, you have to take them off.
Programme 24 Game, match and play
Ben s Lukem hrají "hádanou". Ben si myslí jeden sport a Luke se otázkami snazí zjistit, o jaký sport jde, a smí ovsem na otázky odpovídat jenom "ano" nebo "ne". A vy se připoslechu zaměřte na tři podstatná jména - game, match a play a snazte se vypozorovat jejich rozdílné pouzití:
Luke: Is it an indoor game or and outdoor game?
Ben: Usually an indoor game.
Luke: Is it a ball game?
Ben: Yes, it is.
Luke: Is there a lot of fast play?
Ben: Oh yeah - it's fast, very fast.
Luke: Uh-ha. And is it a team game or an individual sport?
Ben: Oh, a team game, yes.
Luke: Do they play matches in the Olympic Games?
Ben: Oh, yeah.
Luke: And the players are usually really tall?
Ben: Yeah.
Jak byste řekli anglicky hra? Nejčastěji pouzijete podstatné jméno game: Is it an indoor game or an outdoor game? Tato tři slova se pletou, protoze "hra" se dá taky říct: play. Slovo match obvykle znamená zápas. Pokusíme se to nějak rozlisit. Takze - slovo, které vseobecně označuje sport nebo zábavu s pravidly, ve které se zúčastnění snazí vyhrát je: game. Slovo, které znamená organizovanou soutěz ve fotbale nebo v třeba v sachách je: match nebo game. V tomto významu se tedy dají pouzít obě slova. A poslední ze tří slov označuje styl nebo úroveň akce ve hře nebo zápase. Anglicky: play.
Cvičení
Dokončete věty pomocí "game, match" nebo "play":
1/ My favourite hobby is chess - it's a great ...................
2/ In the last two minutes the English player, Lineker, kicked the ball
beautifully into the back of the goal - it was great ...................
3/ Football isn't everybody's favourite ....................
4/ In most football matches there is usually a lot of exciting ...................
5/ Real Madrid beat Milano 6-0, it was a great ...................
6/ I hear you like football. Let's go to the park and play a ...................
Programme 24 Game, match and play
1. It's a great game.
2. It was great play.
3. Football isn't everybody's favourite game.
4. In most football matches there is usually a lot of exciting play.
5. It was a great game, or it was a great match.
6. Let's go to the park and play a game.
Programme 25 Bring and take
Poslechněte si rozhovor dvou přátel - Petra a Jean a pokuste se rozlisit dvě osidná slovesa: bring a take. Peter pořádá přístí sobotu večírek. Je doma a mluví po telefonu s Jean.
Peter: Hello.
Jean: Hi, Peter, it's Jean. How are you?
Peter: Fine, fine.
Jean: Listen, Peter, I'll bring some cheese with me to the party on Saturday.
Peter: That would be great. And, Jean, could you bring some of that Italian wine you brought before?
Jean: Yes, of course. OK, see you on Saturday.
Peter: Bye.
Jean navrhuje, ze přinese na večírek sýr. I'll bring some cheese with me to the party. A druhou věc, kterou přinese je víno. O něco později je Jean doma se svým manzelem. Při snídani hovoří o chystaném večírku u Petera.
John: Jean.
Jean: Mmm?
John: What are you taking to Peter's party on Saturday?
Jean: Oh, I'm taking some cheese. Oh, and I'll take a bottle of that Italian wine.
John: Mmm... Then maybe I'll take some French bread.
Jeanin manzel chce vzít veku. Obě slovesa - bring a take - znamenají "přenést něco z jednoho místa na druhé. Take znamená donést něco tam, kde nikdo z účastníků konverzace není. Bring - naopak znamená, ze něco přineseme tam, kde je přítomen jeden z účastníků konverzace.
Cvičení
Doplňte správné sloveso - "bring" nebo "take":
1/ I was here at home all day and the postman didn't .................... any letters for us.
2/ Here's five pounds, .................... the money and buy some bread for me.
3/ Paul, when you come back from the kitchen, can you .................... some coffee for me, please?
4/ Paul, when you go back to the kitchen, can you .................... this coffee cup with you, please?
Programme 25 Bring and take
1. The postman didn't bring any letters for us.
2. Here's five pounds, take the money and buy some bread for me.
3. Paul, when you come back from the kitchen, can you bring some coffee for me, please?
4. Paul, when you go back to the kitchen, can you take this coffee cup with you, please?
Programme 26 Travel and trip
Poslechněte si ukázku z pořadu o cestování. Redaktor v tomto pořadu představuje Američana Jesse Rosdaila, který procestoval víc zemí ve svém zivotě nez kdokoli jiný.
Presenter: Hello and welcome to the programme. Today we'll be talking about travel and we'll hear about Jesse Rosdail from Illinois, USA. Jesse Rosdail travelled to more countries and territories in his life than anyone else. He went on long and short trips - sometimes by train, sometimes by plane and sometimes by ship. He never stayed very long in one place and in total he made trips to 215 countries and territories.
Jesse Rosdail navstívil 215 zemí a různých oblastí, a nikdy dlouho nepobyl na jednom místě. Slovo travel se dá pouzít i jako sloveso i jako podstatné jméno - cestování, cestovat: Today we'll be talking about travel. He travelled to more countries in his life than anyone else. Slovo trip se pouzívá výhradně jako podstatné jméno: He made trips to 215 countries. Travel navíc označuje cestování z jednoho místa na druhé. Trip pouzíváme v případě, kdy navstívíme jedno místo na krátkou dobu.
Cvičení
Doplňte správný výraz - "trip" nebo "travel" ve správném tvaru:
1/ Jesse Rosdail went on so many ........................ around the world.
2/ ........................ is the best form of education.
3/ 200 years ago someone managed to ........................ on a horse from the top of North America to the bottom of South America.
4/ Let's go on a day ........................ to Cambridge.
5/ It's not unusual to go on a business ........................ from London to Tokyo.
6/ There are so many different ways to ........................ around the world.
7/ A weekend ........................ to New York would be nice.
Programme 26 Travel and trip
1. Jesse Rosdail went on so many trips around the world.
2. Travel is the best form of education.
3. 200 years ago someone managed to travel on a horse from the top of North America to the
bottom of South America.
4. Let's go on a day trip to Cambridge.
5. It's not unusual to go on a business trip from London to Tokyo.
6. There are so many different ways to travel around the world.
7. A weekend trip to New York would be nice.
Programme 27 Sail, fly and drive
V rozhlasovém kvízu soutězící odpovídá na otázky o dopravě:
Compere: Good evening. Are you ready?
Contestant: Yes.
Compere: What did the Wright Brothers fly in 1903?
Contestant: Orville Wright flew a power driven plane 36 metres.
Compere: Correct. How far did the commercial sailing ship - Champion of the Seas - sail in one day?
Contestant: Ummm! It sailed 856 kilometres in 24 hours in 1854.
Compere: Correct. The longest trip in a taxi was in 1981. How far did the taxi driver drive?
Contestant: He drove about 12,000 kilometres throught ten countries.
Compere: Correct again. You have three points.
Ve spojení s třemi dopravními prostředky: letadlem , plachetnicí a taxíkem zazněla pohybová slovesa: sail: plout, plachtit, fly: letět a drive: jet, řídit v různých tvarech: Wright flew a plane. The sailing ship - Champion of the Seas. The taxi driver drove through ten countries. Minulý čas od slovesa fly je nepravidelný - flew, stejně tak od slovesa drive - drove a sloveso sail má minulý čas pravidelný - sailed.
Cvičení
Doplňte správné sloveso - "fly, sail" nebo "drive " ve správném tvaru:
1/ What about trucks? No, I can't ................... a truck.
2/ What about boats? No, I can't ................... a boat.
3/ What about jets? Yes, I can ................... a jet.
4/ In 1903 Orville Wright ................... a plane 36 metres.
5/ In 1967 Sir Francis Chichester ................... round the world in a small yacht.
6/ In 1955 Richard Pape ................... a car from Norway to South Africa.
Programme 27 Sail, fly and drive
1. No, I can't drive a truck.
2. No, I can't sail a boat.
3. Yes, I can fly a jet.
4. In 1903 Orville Wright flew a plane 36 metres.
5. In 1967 Sir Francis Chichester sailed round the world in a small yacht.
6. In 1955 Richard Pape drove a car from Norway to South Africa.
Programme 28 Heal and cure
Původní australský obyvatel hovoří se svým synem, který vyrostl v evropské společnosti, o přírodní medicíně uzívané domorodými obyvyteli .
Aborigine: When my father was a boy he'd never heard of any of the modern drugs that Western doctors use to cure diseases.
Son: So, what did he do when he cut himself or broke a bone?
A: Well, he'd cover the cut skin or wound with mud from a nearby river...
S: But that would make it get worse. It would never heal cuts.
S: No. The mud has natural products that can heal as well as modern drugs.
S: What about diseases?
A: Well, there was a witch doctor who could cure many illnesses with plants.
Jednou léčebnou metodou domorodých obyvatel bylo - mazat si poraněná místa bahnem z řeky. Slovesa heal a cure znamenají obě léčit, lisí se ale v pouzití. Kdyz mluvíme o zraněních, řezných ranách a kostech, pouzijeme sloveso heal: How did he heal himself when he cut himself or broke a bone? V souvislosti s nemocemi a chorobami uzíváme sloveso cure: The witch doctor could cure illnesses and diseases.
Cvičení
Doplňte správné sloveso "heal " nebo "cure ":
1/ Doctors still don't have any medicine to ....................... a common cold.
2/ Australian aborigines use mud to ....................... cuts on the body.
3/ Is it possible to ....................... cancer?
4/ If you do yoga every day, will it help ....................... illnesses?
5/ My broken leg is beginning to .......................
6/ Is it true that some people can ....................... your body when they touch you?
Programme 28 Heal and cure
1. Doctors still don't have any medicine to cure a common cold.
2. Australian aborigines used mud to heal cuts on the body.
3. Is it possible to cure cancer?
4. If you do yoga every day, will it help cure illnesses?
5. My broken leg is beginning to heal.
6. Is it true that some people can heal your body when they touch you?
Programme 29 Plate and dish
V interview se známou odbornicí na gastronomii, ve kterém právě hovoří o rozdílech mezi západními a východními kuchyněmi , se soustřeďte na pouzití dvou zdánlivě nevinných podstatných jmen - plate a dish
Interviewer: So, what are the main differences between Western and Eastern food?
Chef: Well, Western food often has three courses. So you can have soup first and then meat and vegetables as the main dish. The sweet is last.
Interviewer: What about Eastern food?
Chef: All the dishes are served at the same time. So there is no special order for eating soup, vegetables, meat and rice.
Interviewer: And what about serving the food?
Chef: Well with Western food the main dish is usually served on plates but sweets and soups are served in dishes. Eastern food uses lots of smaller dishes for everything. The dishes keep the food hot.
Interviewer: So, Western food served on large flat plates gets colder quicker.
Chef: Exactly
Odbornice hovořila o tom, ze se polévka na západě servíruje jako první a východní kuchyně servírují vsechny chody najednou: All the dishes are served at the same time. Podstatné jméno plate se pouzívá pro mělké, ploché nádoby: Food which is served on large flat plates gets cold quicker. Pro hlubsí a hluboké nádoby se pouzívá slovo dish, které současně označuje jídlo i nádobu: The main dish is usually served on plates
Cvičení
Doplňte správné slovo - "dish " nebo "plate ":
1/ Can I have a vegetable ...................... ?
2/ Can I have another ...................... for my bread? This one is dirty.
3/ Can I have another ...................... for my soup? This one is broken.
4/ What's your favourite Turkish ......................
5/ The main ...................... is fish.
6/ We ate twelve different ......................
Programme 29 Plate and dish
1. Can I have a vegetable dish. I never eat meat.
2. Can I have another plate for my bread? This one is dirty.
3. Can I have another dish for my soup? This one is broken.
4. What's your favourite Turkish dish?
5. The main dish is fish.
6. We ate twelve different dishes.
Programme 30 Brand, mark and make
Poslechněte si odborníka na perské koberce a snazte se přijít na rozdílné uzití výrazů: brand, mark a make:
Interviewer: How easy is it to buy a Persian carpet?
Expert: Well, not so easy. If you want to buy a shirt, you simply look at the collar to see which brand or make it is. If you want to buy a car, the make is always easy to see. In fact, today many makes and brands are international and well-known. Now, if you want to buy a Persian carpet, there are no makes or brands to help you judge the quality.
Interviewer: So what advice can you give me?
Expert: Because Persian carpets are all handmade, you have to look and see if they are made of wool or silk. Also make sure there are no dirty marks, like oil stains [as this will reduce the value.
Kdyz mluvíme o značkách dopravních prostředků - o autech a letadlech, pouzíváme slovo make: If you want to buy a car, the make is always easy to see. Povsimněte si dále rozdílu - název firmy, která něco vyrábí, jako je třeba Kodak, je: the make. A název výrobku, který taková firma vyrábí - jako například film kodachrome, je the brand: In fact, today many makes and brands are international and well-known. Mark také znamená skvrna, smouha.
Cvičení
Doplňte správné slovo - " brand, make" nebo "mark ":
1/ What ............................ is your car?
2/ What is that dirty ............................ on your car?
3/ What ............................ of aircraft does Japan Airlines use?
4/ The company has several popular ............................ of drink.
5/ What is that ............................ on your shirt? It looks like blood.
6/ What is the ............................ of your shirt? Is it Van Heusen,
the famous shirt manufacturer?
Programme 30 Brand, mark and make
1. What make is your car?
2. What is that dirty mark on your car?
3. What make of aircraft does Japan Airlines use?
4. The company has several popular brands of drink.
5. What is that mark on your shirt? It looks like blood.
6. What is the make of your shirt? or What is the brand of your shirt?
Programme 31 Actual, current and present
V rozhovoru o pozárech, které zachvátily okolí Sydney v Austrálii, se snazte vypozorovat rozdílné uzití přídavných jmen: actual, current a present.
Studio: Do we know how the bush fires outside Sydney started?
Reporter: We are still not completely sure about the actual cause of the fires. Some reports say that some crazy people started the fires. Other reports say that they started naturally because of the hot, dry weather.
Studio: What's the current situation?
Reporter: At the moment the fires are out of control. If the wind stops, then we can stop the fires. It seems that the present system of fire control is still the best way [but bad weather conditions can make it a very slow process.]
Pozár bude mozné uhasit jedině pokud přestane foukat vítr, a zatím není známa příčina pozáru - actual cause - skutečná příčina. Přídavná jména current a present znamenají obě současný- momentální. Ovsem je tady rozdíl v jejich pouzití. Current označuje omezenou dobu a naznačuje, ze se dá očekávat změna stavu: What's the current situation. Present naopak znamená neomezenou dobu a nenaznačuje zádnou změnu: It seems that the present system of fire control is still the best way.
Cvičení
Doplňte správné přídavné jméno - " actual, current " a "present":
1/ I've had many husbands and now I'm going to divorce my ......................... husband.
2/ My friends call me Nico but the ......................... name on my birth certificate is Nicholas.
3/ What was the ......................... situation five years ago?
4/ The ......................... Queen of England has been queen for over 40 years.
5/ The ......................... exchange rate is $1 = 108 Japanese yen.
6/ For many years the ......................... education system hasn't changed.
Programme 31 Actual, current and present
1. I've had many husbands and now I'm going to divorce my current husband.
2. My friends call me Nico but the actual name on my birth certificate is Nicholas.
3. What was the actual situation five years ago?
4. The present Queen of England has been queen for over 40 years.
5. The current exchange rate is $1 = 108 Japanese yen.
For many years the present education system hasn't changed.
Programme 32 For and during
Uslysíte ukázku z televizního hudebního kvizu. Moderátor soutězícím přiblizuje jednu slavnou rockovou hvězdu. Zaměřte se na pouzití časových předlozek for a during:
Presenter: OK. Now, I am going to give you some information about a famous rock star. Is it John Lennon or Elvis Presley? He began playing the quitar during his student days. During this time he joined a group and for 10 years they were very popular. In 1970 he moved to New York with his second wife. During their stay in New York they had a son so he stopped playing music. In 1980 he made his last album. Then for a whole month he was really happy. Soon after he was shot dead by a fan outside his New York apartment.
Obě předlozky uvozují časový úsek, ale during se pouzívá v případě, ze se něco událo uvnitř toho časového úseku: He began playing the guitar during his student days. Předlozka for zahrnuje celý časový úsek: Then for a whole month he was really happy.
Cvičení
Doplňte správnou předlozku - "for " nebo "during ":
1/ He wrote songs ......................... his student days.
2/ The group was very popular ......................... 10 years.
3/ He was married to his first wife ......................... 6 years.
4/ They had a son ......................... their stay in America.
5/ He was very happy ......................... a whole month before he died.
6/ He had many hit records ......................... his life.
7/ His killer waited ......................... hours outside his appartment.
8/ He was shot some time ......................... the morning.
Programme 32 For and during
1. He wrote songs during his student days.
2. The group was very popular for 10 years.
3. He was married to his first wife for 6 years.
4. They had a son during their stay in America.
5. He was very happy for a whole month before he died.
6. He had many hit records during his life.
7. His killer waited for hours outside his appartment.
8. He was shot some time during the morning.
Programme 33 Travel, journey and voyage
Při poslechu cestovního kvízu se zaměřte na rozdílné uzití slov: travel, journey a voyage, na které v čestině povětsinou stačí překlad: cesta.
Q MASTER: Who made the first sea voyage to Australia from Europe?
CONTESTANT : Ahh! Captain Cook.
QM: Wrong. It was William Dampier [from Holland. What's the name of the spaceship the Americans sent in the 70's on a voyage to the planets and it's still travelling?
C: Challenger.
QM: Wrong. It was Voyager II.
Who said travel is the best way to educate people?
C: Pass.
QM: How long does the journey by train take through the new tunnel between France and England?
C: About thirty minutes.
QM: Correct.
Who went on a bicycle journey from Europe to China?
C: Nick Danziger.
QM: Correct. That's the end of round one.
V kvízu se hovořilo o čtyřech druzích cestování - po moři, do vesmíru, vlakem a na kole. Pro cestování do vzdálených míst po moři a do vesmíru - tedy lodí - se v angličtině uzívá podstatné jméno voyage: Who made the first sea voyage to Australia from Europe? Journey uzíváme pro jakékoli cestování podle jízdního řádu, popřípadě na dlouhé vzdálenosti: Who went on a bicycle journey from Europe to China. A travel je obecné, abstraktní podstatné jméno pro cestování vůbec: Who said travel is the best way to educate people?
Cvičení
Doplňte správné odstatné jméno - " travel, journey" nebo "voyage":
1/ My longest bus ........................ in Brazil took 54 hours.
2/ ....................... is the best education.
3/ Who made the first sea ........................ to Australia?
4/ Why is long distance ........................ so expensive?
5/ My dream is to go on a long space ........................
6/ The ........................ to my work takes two hours by train.
Programme 33 Travel, journey and voyage
1. My longest bus journey in Brazil took 54 hours.
2. Travel is the best education.
3. Who made the first sea voyage to Australia?
4. Why is long distance travel so expensive?
5. My dream is to go on a long space voyage, or
My dream is to go on a long space journey.
6. The journey to my work takes two hours by train.
Programme 34 Few and a few
Podíváme se na drobný a přitom podstaný rozdíl mezi: "few" a "a few". Poslechněte si rozhovor s ornitologem - hovoří o australském ptáku, který se nazývá papousek rajský:
Interviewer : How many types of parrots are there in Australia?
Ornithologist: Well, there are over 60.
I: Are any of them in danger?
O: In fact, we are very worried about the Paradise Parrot. It was last seen in the late 1920's.
I: Has anybody seen one recently?
O: During the last 60 years a few people say they have seen one, which sounds positive. But there are no photographs. I hope there are still a few birds somewhere.
I: What do you really believe?
O: I don't think we will ever see the Paradise Parrot again. That is really sad, because few people have ever seen this beautiful bird.
Odborníci se o papouska rajského obávají, protoze za posledních 60 let se neobjevil jediný konkrétní důkaz toho, ze tento papousek existuje, jen pár lidí tvrdí, ze ho spatřilo: A few people say they have seen it. Oba výrazy - few a a few - znamenají "malé mnozství", ale a few pouzíváme při malém ale dostatečném mnozství, few při - nedostatečně malém mnozství: It's really sad, because few people have ever seen this beautiful bird. (přílis málo lidí ho vidělo)
Cvičení
Doplňte "few" nebo "a few":
1/ I'm tired because I've had ......................... early nights.
2/ I haven't been busy this morning because I've had ......................... customers.
3/ Business is getting a little better. I've had ......................... customers this week.
4/ It's sad because ......................... people have ever seen this beautiful bird.
5/ I hope there are still ......................... birds somewhere.
6/ City life is boring. I'm afraid we see ......................... birds here.
Programme 34 Few and a few
1. I'm tired because I've had few early nights.
2. I haven't been busy this morning because I've had few customers.
3. Business is getting a little better. I've had a few customers this week.
4. It's sad because few people have ever seen this beautiful bird.
5. I hope there are still a few birds somewhere.
6. City life is boring. I'm afraid we see few birds here.
Programme 35 Damaged and injured
..
Instruktorka jógy hovoří o jedné pozici zvané "ustrasana" - neboli velbloud - a uzívá přitom dva podobné výrazy: damaged a injured:
INSTRUCTRESS: Today I want to practise the position called ustrasana.
PUPIL: What does that mean?
I: It's the camel position. Remember it's very important to stop if you feel any pain. Nobody wants an injured back or neck.
P: I though yoga was good for your body.
I: It is, but you must do all the positions slowly and gently. If you have got a damaged car, you can repair it quickly, but if you have got a damaged bone, it will take a long time before it's better.
Instruktorka svého záka varovala, ze je důlezité okamzitě s cvičením přestat, ucítíte-li bolest, a zadruhé musíte vsechny pozice vykonávat pomalu. Protoze: Nobody wants an injured back or neck. Damaged a injured mají podobný význam, ale lisí se v uzití. Injured se uzívá pro organismy. Damaged se uzívá pro předměty - i orgány, které boslest necítí: If you have got a damaged car, you can repair it quickly. If you have got a damaged bone, it will take a long time before it's better. Damaged liver.
Cvičení
Doplňte " damaged" nebo "injured":
1/ He's had an accident. Don't move him because he is ...................... .
2/ Because of the accident my car was badly ......................
3/ I've smoked for many years and now I think my lungs are seriously ...................... .
4/ He has a lot of pain in his neck and he can't move. I think he's badly ......................
5/ If you all wear seatbelts nobody will be ......................
6/ During the fire a lot of furniture was ......................
Programme 35 Damaged and injured
1. He's had an accident. Don't move him because he is injured.
2. Because of the accident my car was badly damaged.
3. I've smoked for many years and now I think my lungs are seriously damaged.
4. He has a lot of pain in his neck and he can't move. I think he's badly injured.
5. If you all wear seatbelts nobody will be injured.
6. During the fire a lot of furniture was damaged.
Programme 36 While and during
Poslechněte si ukázku z pořadu, ve kterém reportér vzdává hold legendárnímu králi rock n' rollu - Elvisi Presleymu. A vsimněte si při tom uzití předlozek: while a during:
PRESENTER: Elvis was born in 1935 in Mississippi. He learned to sing as a child while he visited church with his parents. During his student days at high school he became seriously interested in music. In 1955 he took his guitar to recording studios in Memphis. While he was there he recorded his first two songs. One was for his mother and was called "That's Alright Mama". During the next few years he became popular all over the world. He made many Hollywood films as well as records during his career. He died suddenly in 1977 while he had an illness. [It was a shock. He was only 42. Everyone knew he was the king of rock 'n' roll.
Předlozka during se uzívá, kdyz se něco stalo "uvnitř" daného časového úseku: During his student days at high school he became seriously interested in music.Předlozku while uzíváme pro činnosti probíhající soubězně: He learned to sing as a child while he visited church with his parents. Dále si pamatujte, ze před podstatným jménem musíte puzít during: During his career. A předlozka while se uzívá před vedlejsí větou: While he visited church.
Cvičení
Doplňte správnou předlozku - " while" nebo "during ":
1/ He learned to sing ........................... he was in church.
2/ He learned to sing ........................... his childhood.
3/ He became interested in music ........................... he was a student.
4/ ........................... the time in the recording studios he made two records.
5/ ........................... he was in the recording studios, he made two records.
6/ He became popular ........................... the next few years.
7/ He became popolar ........................... he was with his first manager.
Programme 36 While and during
1. He learned to sing while he was in church.
2. He learned to sing during his childhood.
3. He became interested in music while he was a student.
4. During the time in the recording studios he made two records.
5. While he was in the recording studios, he made two records.
6. He became popular during the next few years.
7. He became popular while he was with his first manager.
Programme 37 Good and well
Poslechněte si dva přátele, jak vzpomínají na slavné fotbalisty z padesátých, sedesátých a sedmdesátých let. Na jednoho vzpomínají obzvlásť s obdivem, na brazilského fotbalistu Pelého. Rozdíl v uzití good a well je nasnadě:
Man 1: Remember Pele?
Man 2: Pele? Yeah.
Man 1: A good player.
Man 2: Yeah. A really good player.
Man 1: Scored 1,281 goals altogether.
Man 2: Yeah. 1,281 goals.
Man 1: His best season was 1959. He played well that year.
Man 2: Scored 126 goals in one season.
Man 1: Yeah, what a good player.
Pelé dal během své nejúspěsnějsí sezóny 126 gólů. Jeden z kamarádu řekl: He played really well in 1959. Well je příslovce - dobře a good přídavné jméno dobrý. Přídavné jméno uzíváme před podstaným jménem: good player, příslovce rozvíjí sloveso: hraje dobře - he plays well.
Cvičení
Doplňte " well" nebo "good ":
1/ Pele was a .................... player.
2/ Pele played really .................... .
3/ Pele was a really .................... footballer.
4/ Pele had a really .................... season.
5/ How .................... did Pele play last season?
6/ How was the match yesterday? It was very ....................
7/ Mr Butler has a lot of car accidents. He doesn't drive very ....................
8/ Mr Butler has a lot of car accidents. He isn't a very .................... driver.
Programme 37 Good and well
1. Pele was a good player.
2. Pele played really well.
3. Pele was a really good footballer.
4. Pele had a really good season.
5. How well did Pele play last season?
6. It was very good.
7. He doesn't drive very well.
He isn't a very good driver.
Programme 38 Excited and exciting
Tony a Andrew se baví a sachách. Tony přibíhá celý vzrusený a vykládá, ze vyhrál sachový turnaj. Poslouchejte a zjistěte, kdo nebo co je excited či exciting :
Tony: I won, I won!
Andrew: What's the matter? Why are you so excited?
Tony: I said, I won!
Andrew: Won? Won what?
Tony: The chess. The chess competition!
Andrew: Chess? Chess?! Chess isn't exciting. You can't get excited about chess.
Tony: But I won Ł1,000.
Andrew: Ah, now that is exciting.
Andrew zpočátku Tonyho vzrusení nechápe, protoze mu sachy nepřipadají dostatečně vzrusující - exciting - hra. Why are you so excited? Chess?! Chess isn't exciting. You can't get excited about chess. Kdyz něco nebo někdo působí vzrusení, tak je to: - exciting. Kdyz je někdo vzrusený, je: excited.
Cvičení
Doplňte podle smyslu " exciting" nebo " excited ":
1/ I don't like chess - it isn't very ....................... .
2/ What a good book - I was so ....................... .
3/ John couldn't sleep - he was so ....................... .
4/ That's wonderful news - it's so ....................... .
5/ That's wonderful news - I'm really very ....................... .
6/ That was a terrible film - I wasn't at all ....................... .
7/ I went to the cinema last night but the film wasn't very ....................... .
Programme 38 Excited and exciting
1. I don't like chess - it isn't very exciting.
2. What a good book - I was so excited.
3. John couldn't sleep - he was so excited.
4. That's wonderful news - it's so exciting.
5. That's wonderful news - I'm really very excited.
6. That was a terrible film - I wasn't at all excited.
7. I went to the cinema last night but the film wasn't very exciting.
Programme 39 Been and gone
Poslouchejte rodinnou diskusi při kupování vstupenek do jeskyní a dávejte pozor na rozdíl mezi been a gone:
Father: Do we need any more tickets for the caves? Hey! Where are the children?
Mother: The children have already gone down. They were so excited.
Father: What about grandpa?
Mother: He's here. He's already been. He really liked the colour of the stones.
Father: And grandma?
Mother: She's already been once and she wants to go again. She's just gone to the hotel to get her camera. She's be back in a minute.
Děda uz v jeskyních byl, uz se vrátil: He's already been. Babička taky byla, teď jenom skočila do hotelu pro foťák a chce jít jestě jednou: She's already been once and she want's to go again. She's just gone to the hotel to get her camera. Gone se pouzívá jen pro cestu tam, been pro cestu tam i zpátky. He's been to London - znamená: "Jel do Londýna a vrátil se zpátky". He's gone to London znamená - "Jel do Londýna, ale zůstal tam".
Cvičení
Doplňte správný výraz - "been" nebo "gone":
1/ He's not here. He's already ....................... to the caves.
2/ The caves are fantastic. I've ....................... there three times today.
3/ I've ....................... to eight countries.
4/ You're late. The train has just ....................... .
5/ It's already 9 am. Why haven't you ....................... to work?
6/ I'm not going to the shops again. I've just .......................
Programme 39 Been and gone
1. He's not here. He's already gone to the caves.
2. I've been there three times today.
3. I've been to eight countries.
4. You're late. The train has just gone.
5. It's already 9 am. Why haven't you gone to work?
6. I'm not going to the shops again. I've just been.
Programme 40 Old, antique and ancient
Poslechněte si ukázku z kvízu, ve kterém se jedná o stáří uměleckých předmětů, a ve kterém tudíz padnou přídavná jména: old, antique a ancient.
Compere: The first question is - can tourists buy ancient vases and take them back to their own country?
Contestant: No, because things from early times, such as ancient vases belong to national museums. They are not for sale.
Compere: Correct. Question two. If you buy antique jewellery, ornaments or furniture in an antique shop, how old do they have to be before you can say they are antique?
Contestant: Emm..... Fifty years?
Compere: I'm sorry. Antique things have to be 100 years old or more. This is your final question. If somebody speaks modern Greek, how much ancient Greek can they understand?
Contestant: Very little, because the meaning of most words has changed during the last two thousand years.
Compere: Well done.
Umělecké předměty více nez 100 let staré označujeme přídavným jménem: antique. Umělecké předměty, jazyky a lidi, kteří zili před tisíci lety jsou: ancient: Ancient vases belong in museums. Jinak vseobecně - vsechno, co není nové - označuje přídavné jméno: old.
Cvičení
Doplňte správný výraz - " antique, ancient" nebo "old":
1/ This ...................... furniture was made 100 years ago.
2/ It is more useful to learn modern Greek than ...................... Greek.
3/ That ...................... building was built about 60 years ago.
4/ Some buildings from ...................... Greece were built thousands of years ago.
5/ This market sells ...................... jewellery from the 19th century.
Programme 40 Old, antique and ancient
1. This antique furniture was made 100 years ago.
2. It is more useful to learn modern Greek than ancient Greek.
3. That old building was built about 60 years ago.
4. Some buildings from ancient Greece were built thousands of years ago.
5. This market sells antique jewellery from the 19th century.
Programme 41 Study and learn
Dva přátelé vzpomínají na skolu a na univerzitu a taky se zmiňují o učení se jazyka. Vsimněte si rozdílu mezi: study and learn:
Male: What subject did you study at college?
Female: Anthropology.
Male: Anthropology? What is anthropology?
Female: You study the political and religious systems of different people around the world.
Male: Who did you study?
Female: I studied the Yanomami Indians. They live in the Amazon jungle in Brazil.
Male: Did you have to learn some words in the Yanomami language?
Female: Yes. I learnt a few words but my memory isn't so good. I have forgotten most of them.
Male: I know what you mean. I had to learn lists of vocabulary at school. Now I can't remember anything.
Jane moc nejdou jazyky, protoze nemá dobrou paměť, větsinu slovíček zapomněla. I had to learn lists of vocabulary at school. Now I can't remember anything. Kdyz se učíte něco nazpaměť pouzijete sloveso learn. Study pouzijete, kdy se spís snazíte látku analyzovat a pochopit: You study the political and religious systems of different people around the world. Did you have to learn some words in the Yanomami language?
Cvičení
Doplňte správný výraz , ve správném tvaru - " study" nebo "learn":
1/ I have never ..................... literature.
2/ This bird can speak but it has only ..................... bad words.
3/ I want you to ..................... this picture carefully.
4/ The first word babies usually ..................... is mama.
5/ I have a good memory so I can ..................... new words quickly.
6/ I ..................... medicine when I was at university.
Programme 41 Study and learn
1. I have never studied literature.
2. This bird can speak but it has only learned bad words.
3. I want you to study this picture carefully.
4. The first word babies usually learn in mama.
5. I have a good memory so I can learn new words quickly.
6. I studied medicine when I was at university.
Programme 42 Rise and raise
Poslouchejte rozhovor dvou spolupracovníků - stězují si na stoupající ceny a inflaci - a přemýslejte o rozdílu mezi slovesy rise a raise a taky o jejich výslovnosti:
Mel: Do you want to know something?
Griff: What's that?
Mel: Prices...
Griff: Prices?
Mel: Yeah, prices are always rising. Look at bus fares..
Griff: Bus fares?
Mel: Yeah, bus fares rose 10 per cent last month.
Griff: Yeah, 10 per cent.
Mel: And food prices have risen 5 per cent.
Griff: Yeah, five per cent.
Mel: And inflation rose again last month.
Griff: Yeah, again.
Mel: And our salaries. No-one raises our salaries.
Griff: Yeah, because then they say inflation will rise.
Mel: Yeah!
Griff: Yeah, but when they raise petrol prices they never talk about inflation.
Mel: Yeah!
Takze na co si spolupracovníci konkrétně stězovali? Na to, ze stoupají ceny autobusů, jídla a benzinu. Říkali: Bus fares rose 10 per cent last month. And food prices have risen 5 per cent. But when they raise petrol prices, they never talk about inflation.Slovesa rise a raise znějí podobně, významově jsou si velice podobná a rise má ke vsemu nepravidelný minulý čas prostý: rose a příčestí minulé: risen. Sloveso rise znamená stoupat, zvysovat se, sloveso raise překládáme nezvratným: zvysovat nebo zvednout. Navíc si pamatujte, ze po něm vzdycky následuje předmět: But when they raise petrol prices, they never talk about inflation. Rise můze stát osamoceno na konci věty: Prices are always rising.
Cvičení
Doplňte správné sloveso, ve správném tvaru - " rise" nebo "raise ":
1/ What time did the sun ......................... this morning?
2/ Bus fares ......................... 10 per cent last year.
3/ The level of the water in the river hasn't ......................... yet.
4/ Do school children ......................... their hands before they speak to their teacher?
5/Can you ......................... the film projector a few centimetres please?
6/ I arrived in the theatre at the perfect time as the curtain .........................
Programme 42 Rise and raise
1. What time did the sun rise this morning?
2. Bus fares rose 10 per cent last year.
3. The level of the water in the river hasn't risen yet.
4. Do school children raise their hands before they speak to their teacher?
5. Can you raise the film projector a few centimetres please?
6. I arrived in the theatre at the perfect time as the curtain rose.
Programme 43 By and until
Sledujte časové předlozky: by a until v kontextu - v rozhovoru ze zlého snu Je pondělí ráno - u hodináře:
Dreamer : Good morning. Could you repair this watch, please?
Repairer : Yes. When do you need it?
Dreamer: Well, let's see, today's Monday. Tomorrow would be OK. Or Wednesday. But no later than Thursday. Could you do by Thursday?
Repairer: By Thursday.. we're very busy. Em... could you wait until Friday.
Dreamer: Wait until Friday? But today's Monday. Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday. That's five days. Well, OK. Could you do it by Friday? But no later.
Repairer: By Friday... We're very busy. Could you wait until Monday?
Dreamer: Wait until Monday?! Well, OK. Could you do it by Monday?
Repairer: By Monday... We're very busy. Could you wait until next Tuesday?
Kdy budou hodinky hotové, jsme se sice nedozvěděli, protoze hodinář do nekonečna protahoval termín, ale z kontextu je zřejmé, ze předlozka by znamená: v onu určitou dobu a nebo před ní: Could you do it by Thursday? Předlozka until uvozuje situaci probíhající nepřetrzitě az po určitý časový údaj: Could you wait until Friday?
Cvičení
Doplňte správnou předlozku - "by " nebo "until ":
1/ Could you repair my watch .......................... Thursday?
2/ Could you wait .......................... Friday?
3/ You must be home .......................... 11 o'clock.
4/ We hope to finish the repairs .......................... next July.
5/ The repairs will continue .......................... next July.
6/ I'm so tired. I'm going to stay in bed .......................... lunchtime.
Programme 43 By and until
1. Could you repair my watch by Thursday?
2. Could you wait until Friday?
3. You must be home by 11 o'clock.
4. We hope to finish the repairs by next July.
5. The repairs will continue until next July.
6. I'm so tired. I'm going to stay in bed until lunchtime.
Programme 44 Like and as
Uslysíte část rozhovoru s autorem biografie slavného svédského tenisty Bjorna Borga. Kolik druhů sportů dělal Bjorn Borg jako kluk?
Interviewer: Now, Bjorn Borg's life is like a fairy story. But when did his life as a tennis player begin?
Biographer: Well, his first love was ice hockey. Like many young Swedes, he loved ice hockey.
Interviewer: And was he good at ice hockey.
Biographer: Oh yes. When he was 9 he played for his town's ice hockey team. He had his first success as an ice hockey player.
Interviewer: And tennis?
Biographer: Tennis started when his father gave him a tennis racquet. He was still 9. Then he practised every day at the tennis club.
Interviewer: And when was his first big success?
Biographer: At 13. He won the National Junior Championship. And at 14 he played for Sweden.
Borg provozoval hokej a tenis. Borgův zivotopisec řekl: Bjorn Borg's life is like a fairy story. Jeho zivotní příběh je jako z pohádky. Kdyz mu bylo 9, hrál hokej za místní hokejový tým: He had his first success as an ice hockey player. Výrazy like a as znamenají česky jako. Like se pouzívá při srovnávání: like a fairy story, a as uvozuje profesi a nebo jako v Borgově případě činnost: as a tennis player. Jaký je rozdíl vnásledujících větách? V obou figuruje slovo právník a výraz "jako": He works as a lawyer. He works like a lawyer. Věta s as znamená pracuje jako právník - přičemz jako je tady spojka. JE právník, je to jeho profese. Ale ve druhé větě je význam jiný - pracuje jako právník - příslovce. Pracuje stejným způsobem, jako by pracoval právník.
Cvičení
Doplňte - "as " nebo "like ":
1/ Borg's life is .......... ..... ...... . a fairy story.
2/ Borg started life .......... ..... ...... . a hockey player.
3/ Borg was .......... ..... ...... . many young Swedes - he loved ice hockey.
4/ He had his first success .......... ..... ...... . an ice hockey player.
5/ Borg is famous .......... ..... ...... . a tennis player.
6/ Borg was good at sport .......... ..... ...... . his father.
Programme 44 Like and as
1. Borg's life is like a fairy story.
2. Borg started life as a hockey player.
3. Borg was like many young Swedes - he loved ice hockey.
4. He had his first success as an ice hockey player.
5. Borg is famous as a tennis player.
6. Borg was good at sport like his father.
Programme 45 Sorry and excuse me
Sorry a excuse me - oba tyto výrazy se dají pouzít při omluvě, ale podíváme se na situace, kde je jejich uzití různé. Nejprve si poslechnete, jak se jeden člověk snazí koupit lístek na koncert heavy metalové skupiny Guns and Roses:
(Loud heavy metal music in background)
Customer: Excuse me! Em, excuse me!!
Clerk: Sorry?
Customer: Can I have a ticket for the Guns and Roses concert?
Clerk: Sorry? (TURNS OFF MUSIC)
Customer: Ah, thank you. Yes. Can I have a ticket for the Guns and Roses concert, please?
Clerk: Yes, of course. That's Ł15, please.
Customer: There you are.
Clerk: Thank you. (RINGS UP TILL) Er, excuse me, sir.
Customer: Yes?
Clerk: This is a Ł5 note, sir.
Customer: Sorry?
Clerk: This is only Ł5, sir.
Customer: Oh yes. Here's another Ł10.
Clerk: Thank you very much, sir. (PUTS MUSIC ON LOUD AGAIN)
Customer: (LOUD ABOVE MUSIC) Em... excuse me!
Clerk: (SHOUTING) Yes?
Customer: This is a ticket for last week's concert.
Clerk: (CAN'T HEAR BECAUSE OF MUSIC) Sorry?
Zákazník dal pokladnímu pětilibrovku a lístek stál přitom 15 liber. Er, excuse me, sir. This is a Ł5 note, sir - ozval se pokladní, a pak se sám taky spletl - dal zákazníkovi lístek na koncert z minulého týdne. Em... excuse me! This is a ticket for last week's concert!, ohradil se zase zákazník. Jak vyplývá z kontextu - kdyz chcete upoutat něčí pozornost, řeknete: Excuse me. Kdyz chcete, aby vám někdo něco zopakoval, pouzijete: Sorry? Vsimněte si stoupající intonace.
Cvičení
Doplňte - "sorry " nebo "excuse me ":
1/ ............................, can I get past please?
2/ ............................ What did you say?
3/ I'll ask for the menu. ............................ Waiter!
4/ ( Bad telephone line) ............................, what did you say?
5/ ..........................., can you tell me the way to the station?
Programme 45 Sorry and excuse me
1. Excuse me, can I get past please?
2. Sorry, what did you say?
3. Excuse me, Waiter!
4. ( Bad telephone line) Sorry, what did you say?
Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the station?
Programme 46 So and such
Skupina turistů s průvodkyní si prohlízí dvě známé mexické pyramidy: Pyramidu slunce a Pyramidu měsíce.
Která z nich je větsí?
Guide: Here you can see the pyramid of the sun.
You can only find such buildings in Mexico and Central America.
Tourist: I can't believe it is so tall. It has such a lot of stairs.
Guide: Yes. In fact it's 66 metres tall.
Tourist: What's the other pyramid?
Guide: That's the pyramid of the moon. It's not such a big building, but it's older.
TOURIST: Wow! Looking at all those stairs makes me so tired.
Pyramida slunce je vyssí. Pyramida měsíce sice není tak velká, ale je za to starsí: It's not such a big building,
but it's older. Výrazy so a such slouzí ke zdůraznění - v čestině pouzijeme slovo tak, ovsem pamatujte si, ze
po such následuje vzdy podstatné jméno a po so následuje samotné přídavné jméno: The pyramid is so tall.
It makes me feel so tired.
Cvičení:
Doplňte "so" anebo "such":
1/ There are ............................ a lot of stairs.
2/ Why are the pyramids ............................ tall?
3/ Why did they build ............................ tall pyramids?
4/ I've never seen ............................ large stones.
5/ The city is 1500 years old. Is it really ............................ old?
6/ Now I understand why there are ............................ many tourists.
Programme 46 So and such
1. There are such a lot of stairs.
2. Why are the pyramids so tall?
3. Why did they build such tall pyramids?
4: I've never seen such large stones.
5. The city is 1500 years old. Is it really so old?
6. Now I understand why there are so many tourists.
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