COMMUNICATION: INTRODUCTIONS
TEXT. AIR TRAVEL
When travelling by air you have to get to the airport early in order to check in about an hour before your flight. If you have a lot of luggage, you can put it on a trolley and push it to the check-in desk where someone will check your ticket and weigh your luggage. If you have excess luggage, it can be expensive. Your heavy luggage is put on a conveyer belt and carried away. A light bag is classified as hand luggage and you can take it with you on the plane. An immigration officer looks at your passport and a security guard checks your hand luggage before you go into the departure lounge to wait till your flight is called. If you want to, you can buy some cheap duty free goods here. Then you see on the departures board or hear an announcement that you must board your plane. You go through the departure gate, then there is sometimes a security check before you actually enter the plane When all {he passengers are on board and when the captain and his crew are ready in the cockpit, the plane begins to taxi to the end of the runway. Finally, permission is received from the control tower and the plane moves faster and faster in order to take off.
Flying is fun. I like being in a big airliner with the cabin crew (stewards and stewardesses) looking after me. They walk up and down the aisle bringing meals and drinks; and if the flight is going through some turbulence, they warn everybody that it might be a bit bumpy and ask us to fasten our seat-belts. On a long flight I like listening to music through the headphones available to all passengers, and sometimes I have a sleep. I enjoy it all so much that I never want the plane to land.
Comprehension
/. Listen to the text and answer the questions:
Why do passengers have to come to the airport an hour before the departure? What does a passenger do if he/she has a lot of luggage? What do you have to do if you have excess luggage? Where do passengers wait for their plane? What happens when all the passengers are on board? Does the writer like travelling by air? Why? How does he while away the time during the flight?
//. Read the text and analyse its language peculiarities. Do some exercises in the next section to remember them.
Special Difficulties
/. Respond to the following:
e.g. A: He learnt to cook in
B: No. He went to Paris to learn to cook, (slight
stress on "went") or B: No. He went to
on "order")
He ... Were you surprised?
1. met Bill in
e.g. A: I had a lovely time yesterday. I wrote letters all day. B: Do you really enjoy writing letters? I had a lovely time yesterday. I ... all day. 1. washed windows 2. peeled potatoes 3. mended socks 4, ironed shirts 5. polished the silver 6. played with the children 7. practised the piano 8. worked in the garden 9. cooked 10. baked 11. watched cricket
e.g. A (in tones of sympathy): You have to make beds, I suppose. B: Yes, but I like making beds! You have to ... 1 suppose.
1. do housework 2. live economically 3. shop around 4. look after the children 5. help them with their homework 6. read to them 7. answer their questions 8. attend their school concerts 9. give children's parties
e.g. A: Do you want to make a speech? B: No, I want you to make a speech. Do you want to ...
1. lead the deputation 2. receive the mayor 3. speak first 4. introduce the speakers 5. sign the cheque 6. attend the conference 7. give a talk 8. make the arrangements 9. fix a date 10. organize the reception 11. open the champagne
Text Exercises
Ask questions on the text. II. Retell the text.
///. When did you last travel by air? Where did you fly? When did you come to the airport for registration? What was the registration like? Did the plane take off on time? Did you have a good flight? How did you while away the time during the flight? How long did your flight last? When did the plane land at X?
Conversation Practice
/. Listen to the conversations, ask and answer questions, role-play the conversations:
Booking Airline Tickets
I want to fly to Geneva on or about the first.
I'll just see what there is.
I want to go economy and I'd prefer the morning.
Lufthansa Flight LH 203 leaves at 9.20.
What time do I have to be there?
The coach leaves for the airport at 8.15.
- I'd like to book a flight to Munich for Monday the tenth.
I'll have a look in the time-table for you.
I'll need an economy class open return.
KLM have got a DC-9 leaving at 9.25.
What else ought I to know?
The latest time of reporting is 8.35 at the airport.
- What flights are there from London to Vienna tomorrow?
If you'd like to take a seat, I'll find out for you.
I'd like to travel first class, please.
BEA flight BE 502 takes off from Heathrow at 9.25 and flies direct.
What time have I got to get there?
You'll have to be at West London Air Terminal by 8.10 at the latest.
4.- Are there any planes to Zurich on Sunday?
If you'll excuse me for a second, I'll check.
By the way, I don't want a night flight.
There's a plane at 9.20.
When am I supposed to check in?
You must be at the airport before 8.35.
Situations: 1. You've come to the booking-office to book a flight to Moscow. The clerk is ready to help you. 2. You want to fly to London at the end of the month. You are phoning the booking-office to inquire about the time-table and tickets.
Checking in
Mr Dobson: Can I check here for the British Airways flight to
New York?
Clerk: Yes, sir. May I see your ticket and passport?
Mr Dobson: Here you are.
Clerk: That's fine. Can you put your suitcase on the
scales, please?
Mr Dobson- Of course. How much does it weigh?
Clerk: 23 kilos. I'm sorry, but you'll have to pay excess
baggage charge.
Mr Dobson: Oh! It's only three kilos overweight.
Clerk: Yes, sir ... that's £6 ... Thank you. Would you like to
go through to the departure lounge?
Questions: Where is Mr Dobson flying? What does the clerk ask him to do? How much does Mr Dobson's luggage weigh? How much does he have to pay for the excess luggage?
Mr Nelson: Is this Mercury Airlines counter? Clerk: Yes, it is. May I help you?
Mr Nelson: I'd like to check my reservation for today's flight to Mexico City.
Clerk: May I see your ticket and passport?
Mr Nelson: Is eveiything in order?
Clerk: Yes, it is. Where is your baggage?
Mr Nelson: It's over there.
Clerk: Very well. It weighs exactly thirty pounds.
Mr Nelson: Do I get a baggage check?
Clerk: Yes, you do. Here it is. Now go to gate number se-
ven. Your flight number is 326.
Mr Nelson: What time does the plane leave?
Clerk: At 4 30.
Mr Nelson: Excuse rne. Is this gate seven?
Official: Yes, it is. We are boarding the plane at any moment.
Mr Nelson: Why! I'm right on time!
Mr Nelson: May I take any seat?
Stewardess: Yes, any seat not marked "reserved".
Mr Nelson: When do we take off?
Stewardess: In about five minutes No smoking, please.
Mr Nelson: Miss! Do we land in Washington? Are we landing now?
Stewardess: Yes, we are. Please, fasten your belts.
Here, let me help you. There! Mr Nelson: Thank you.
Stewardess: You are welcome. Well, here we are. Questions: What place does Mr Nelson want to check his reservation to? Are his ticket and passport in order? How much does his baggage weigh? What time does the plane leave? What seat did the stewardess tell him to take? Where did they land?
Situation: You are registering for the 10 o'clock flight to Washington at Sheremetyevo Airport.
In the Departure Lounge
("British Airways Flight 179 to New York is now boarding at
Gate 4")
Mr Dobson: Excuse me...
Woman: Yes?
Mr Dobson: I didn't hear that announcement. Which flight did
they call?
Woman: Flight 179 to New York... are you going there? Mr Dobson: Yes. Woman: So am I... Gate 4 is this way... follow me!
Security Check
Officer: May I search you, sir? It's just a security check.
Mr Dobson: Of course.
Officer: Thank you. Oh, what's this in your pocket?
Mr Dobson: Oh, yes... I'm sorry. It's just a metal comb.
Oficcer: Hmm... May I see it, sir?
Mr Dobson: Certainly.
At the Customs
Officer: Are these two bags al! you have, sir?
Mr Green: Yes, they are all I have.
Officer: Have you anything to declare?
Mr Green: I am sorry but I don't know what I am allowed.
Officer: Will you read this notice carefully? ... Well, have you got anything to declare?
Mr Green: Yes, I've got some presents. I've got a bottle of brandy and some cigarettes.
Officer: Will you show them to me?
Mr Green: Yes, here they are.
Officer: Oh, yes, only a bottle of brandy. You are allowed that. Now these boxes of cigarettes. That's more than I can allow you free. I'm afraid you'll have to pay some duty on them. I'll tell you how much in a moment. But first let me see rnside your bags.
Mr Green: Here they are.
Officer: Thank you, sir. Everything's all right. Nothing is more dutiable. Welcome to our country!
Mr Green: Thank you.
Questions: How many bags has Mr Green got? Has he got anything to declare? What will he have to do? 2. Officer: Okay, bags on the table, please... uh-huh. How long are you planning to stay?
Tourist: Four weeks.
Officer: Do you have anything to declare?
Tourist: What?
Officer: Alcohol, cigarettes, ...
Tourist: No.
Officer: Any meat, fresh fruit, plants?
Tourist: Uh, no.
Officer: Open your suitcase, please. Any gifts?
Tourist: Excuse me?
Officer: Are you bringing any gifts into the country?
Tourist: No, huh-uh.
Officer: Uh-huh. What's in the bottle?
Tourist: Uh, hand lotion.
Officer: Okay, that'll be okay. Here's your form.
Tourist: Uh, what should I do with it?
Officer: See that officer over there by the gate? He'll take it.
Tourist: Thank you very much.
Questions: What does the customs officer ask the tourist to do? What questions does he ask? Does the tourist have anything to declare? How long is he going to stay in the country?
Situation: You are flying to Washington. At the moment you are going through the customs inspection.
On Board the Plane
"Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Captain Gibson and his crew welcome you aboard British Airways Flight 178 to New York. We're now flying at a height of 30 000 feet. Our speed is approximately 600 miles an hour. We'll land in New York in five and a half hours. The temperature in New York is now minus 3 C. In a few minutes you'll be able to see the Irish Coast. Our stewards and stewardesses will serve lunch in half an hour."
Questions: Who welcomes the passengers on board the plane? At what height and speed are they flying? When will the plane land in New York? When will lunch be served?
"Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. On behalf of Captain Sonnleitner and his crew I should like to welcome you aboard this
Swissair DC-9 aircraft. Our flying time to Geneva will be approximately an hour and twenty minutes during which we shall be serving you with light refreshments. Please place your light hand luggage in the overhead rack, observe the no smoking signs, fasten your seat belts and ensure that your seats are in the vertical position for the take off. For your safety and comfort during the flight you are requested to read the safety instructions which you will find in front of your seat."
"Ladies and gentlemen, may I have your attention, please. In a few minutes we shall be arriving at Geneva airport. Will you please return to your seats, place them in the vertical position, fasten your seat belts and observe the no smoking signs. Please, remain seated until the aircraft has come to a complete halt and remember to take all your hand luggage with you. We hope you have had a pleasant flight and that we shall soon have the pleasure of welcoming you abo 525h722f ard again. Thank you."
Down to Earth
"Your attention, please! British Airways regrets to announce the cancellation of Flight BA 564 to London due to technical difficulties. Will all the passengers now awaiting the departure of this flight please contact the British Airways ground hostess at the information desk in the transit lounge. Will passengers who are booked on this flight from Geneva and are now waiting in the departure lounge, also go to the information desk in the transit area. A ground hostess is waiting by Gate No I to escort you. Thank you!"
Socializing (Introductions)
a) How to approach the person you are meeting:
It's (Mr Brown), isn't it?
(Mr/Mrs/Miss Smith)?
Excuse me, are you (Mr Thompson)?
b) How to reply:
Yes, that's right.
Yes?
Yes, that's right. And you must be (Mr Williams).
c) How to introduce yourself:
I'm (Charles Brown). My name's (Sally Kent).
I'm so pleased to meet you.
I've been looking forward to meeting you. I'm (Tom Smith).
So glad to meet you.
d) How to respond and reply to an introduction:
How do you do. (formal) Hello, (less formal)
e) How to introduce someone who is with you:
May I introduce my girlfriend/boyfriend, Janet/James.
And this is my wife/husband.
Meet my business colleague, Tom Williams.
/. Listen to the conversation, ask and answer questions, role-play the conversation:
In the Hall of the Airport
Simon: Excuse me.
Mr Gibson: Yes?
Simon: It's Gibson, isn't it?
Mr Gibson: Yes, that's right.
Simon: So glad to meet you. I'm Simon Steel. How do you do?
Mr Gibson: How do you do? It was nice of you to meet us.
Simon: It's a pleasure.
Mr Gibson: And this is my wife Sally.
Mrs Gibson: How do you do, Mr Steel?
Simon: How do you do? Did you have a good flight?
Mrs Gibson: Yes, pretty good, thanks. But I must say I don't think
I'll ever get used to flying. Simon: Well, if you'd like to follow me, I've got a car waiting
outside.
Mr Gibson: Yes, certainly. Thank you.
Simon: Now, let me help you with your bags, Mrs Gibson.
Mrs Gibson: Thank you. They are a bit heavy. Simon: Right. This way. It's not very far.
Questions: Who met the Gibsons at the airport? How did Mrs Gibson like the flight? What did Simon offer her?
//. Act out the following situations:
1. You are in the foyer of the airport. Suddenly you hear an announcement that your flight is delayed. Act out a conversation with an airport official. Find out why there is a delay and how long you are going to wait. Ask what the airline is going to do about
meals and hotel accomodation if the plane is delayed for a long time.
2. You are asked to meet Jonathan Williams, an American journalist. You've never met him before, you've only seen a photograph of his. The plane has just landed and you approach someone who looks like Williams. But you address the wrong man. At last you notice him. You introduce yourself and ask him about the journey. You've got a car waiting and take Mr Williams to the hotel.
Listening What a Way to Start a Holiday!
When Wilson got to the airport, his flight was already being called over the loudspeakers. The day before he had cancelled his ticket for a morning flight and had booked an afternoon flight instead. He had to go to the reservations desk to collect his new ticket.
He apologized for being late. The reservations clerk smiled and began to look through the reservations in front of her. Then her smile disappeared and she began to look worried.
"Your ticket doesn't seem to be here," she said. "Let me check it with the computer."
The computer clicked and whirred and lights began to flash. Just then, his flight was called a second time. Wilson became very nervous. Finally the girl looked up.
"There's been a mistake. Your new ticket was sent to you by post. That's why it isn't here," she said. It took her only a short time to write out a new one. Wilson managed to catch the plane just before it took off. "What a way to start a holiday!" he thought.
Questions: What was happening when Wilson got to the airport? What had he done the day before? Why did the clerk begin to look worried? What happened then? Why wasn't Wilson's ticket there? What happened at the end?
First Flight
Five tourists walked slowly across the airfield where a very small aircraft was waiting for them. The plane was used on local flights and had only two engines.
The passengers got into the plane and sat down.
"Fasten your seat belts, please," the air hostess said. An old lady turned to the air hostess. "Please help me with the belt," she asked "I have never been on an aeroplane before and I feel rather nervous."
"Don't worry," -the air hostess said kindly. "These planes are the safest in the world " Then the hostess went round with a tray of sweets. She offered a sweet to each of the passengers. "Take one of these," she said to the old lady. "It will help you to swallow."
Suddenly the plane began to shake and to rattle. It moved quickly down the runway and slowly climbed into the air. When the plane was in the air, the hostess went to the old lady again. "Didn't the sweet help you to swallow?" she asked.
"No, I'm afraid it didn't," the old lady answered. "But it took my mind off the plane. May I have another one, please?"
Questions: How many tourists were going to travel? What did the air hostess tell the passengers to do? Why couldn't the old lady fasten her seat belt? What did the hostess give each passenger? Why did the air hostess give sweets to the passengers? How did the sweet help the lady?
A Smuggler
Sam Lewis was a customs officer. He used to work in a small border town. It wasn't a busy town and there wasn't much work. The road was usually very quiet and there weren't many travellers. It wasn't a very interesting job, but Sam liked an easy life. About once a week he used to meet an old man. His name was Draper. He always used to arrive at the border early in the morning in a big truck. The truck was always empty. After a while Sam became suspicious. He often used to search the truck but he never found anything. One day he asked Draper about his job. Draper laughed and said: "I'm a smuggler."
Last year Sam retired. He spent his savings on an expensive holiday. He flew to Bermuda and stayed in a luxury hotel. One day he was sitting by the pool and opposite him he saw Draper drinking champagne. Sam walked over to him. Sam: Hello, there! Draper: Hi!
Sam: Do you remember me? Draper: Yes... of course I do. You're a customs officer. Sam: I used to be, but I'm not any more. I retired last month.
I often used to search your truck... Draper: But you never found anything. Sam: No, I didn't. Can I ask you something? Draper: Of course you can. Sam: Were you a smuggler? Draper: Of course I was.
Sam: But... the truck was always empty. What were you smuggling?
Draper: Trucks!
Questions: What was Sam's job? Where did he work? Was his, job interesting? Who did he use to meet once a week? Why did Sam become suspicious? What did he ask Draper one day? What did Sam do last year? Where did he spend his holiday? Who did he meet at the hotel? What did he learn?
Reading But You Said...
Marion: Good afternoon.
Travel
Agent: Good afternoon, madam.
Marion: I'm interested in the holiday in Saint Cuthbert.
Agent: Ah, yes... the Caribbean! I can recommend it highly.
Marion: Can you tell me a little more about it?
Agent: Of course, madam. It's an excellent package holiday. You'll travel on a scheduled flight. You'll be met at the airport and taken to your hotel. You won't have to pay airport taxes. They are included in the price. The hotel is very near the beach, and it's got a swimming pool and a discotheque. It's a very modern hotel, it was built last year. The restaurant's superb, and drinks are very cheap in Saint Cuthbert. Oh, and you can walk to the sea in two minutes.
Marion: Hmm... it sounds good. I'd like to make a reservation.
Agent: One moment, madam and I'll get you a booking form. Marion paid a deposit and booked the holiday. Two months
later she was in Saint Cuthbert. But she was disappointed. When
she returned to England, she went to see the travel agent.
Agent: Ah! It's Miss Ward. Did you have a good holiday?
Marion: No, I certainly did not have a good holiday.
Agent: Oh, I'm very sorry to hear that. What was wrong?
Marion: Well, when I arrived in Saint Cuthbert, I had to spend four hours at the airport... you said that we would be met, and we weren't. You also said we would be taken to the hotel. We weren't and the taxi cost about £12. You told me that airport taxes were included. In fact I had to pa\ £10.
Agent: Oh, dear... you had a very bad start. But the hotel was nice, wasn't it?
Marion: No, it was not! You said it was very modern. You were quite right. They hadn't finished building it! We couldn't sleep because the workmen were working all night. . on
our balcony! You said it had got a swimming pool. It had... but it was empty. And the restaurant. . the restaurant served fish every night.
Agent: Oh, dear ..
Marion: You said that the hotel was near the beach, and that we could walk to the sea in two minutes.
Agent: Couldn't you?
Marion: Well, yes... we could... but there was an oil refinery between the hotel and the beach, and it took half an hour to walk round it.
Agent: Oh, I'm really terribly sorry. We really didn't know... I'm afraid we're unable to give you a refund, but we can give you a ten per cent discount on next year's holiday... .
Marion: Next year! Next year I'm staying in England!
Self check
/. Use the proper tense forms:
Yesterday afternoon I (go) to the airport to meet Pierre who . (come) to Paris to spend a few days with me. I (arrive) at the airport at two o'clock, (go) to a waiting room and (sit) down. When it (announce) that the plane (be) an hour late, I (decide) to go for a walk. I (just, walk) away from the building, when I (see) an old friend coming towards me. We (talk) for a moment, then (go) to the bar, where we (have) a few drinks. Suddenly I (remember) Pierre. We (rush) to the information desk. I (tell) that the plane from Paris (arrive) 40 minutes earlier. I (hurry) out of the building, (get) into my car and (drive) away quickly. When I (arrive) home I (find) Pierre sitting on his suitcase outside my front door.
//. Translate into English:
Доброе утро! Скажите, пожалуйста, есть ли рейс на Лондон 25 октября?
- Да, есть два рейса -утром и вечером.
- Когда утренний рейс?
- В 6 часов утра.
- Нет, это слишком рано. У меня будет бессонная ночь, если я полечу этим самолетом. Когда вечерний рейс?
- В 8 часов вечера.
- Когда самолет прибывает в Лондон?
- В 10 часов.
- Да, есть несколько билетов первого класса.
- Пожалуйста, один билет туда и обратно. Я возвращаюсь 30 октября.
Fluency
/. Answer the questions:
Do you like travelling by air? Why/Why not? Is there an airport in your native city/town? Is it far from the city/town? How can you get there? How long does it take you to get there? What is the airport like? What do you like or dislike about it? When do passengers have to arrive at the airport for registration? What is registration like? How much luggage can a passenger take without extra pay? Who informs passengers about flights? Are flights often cancelled in this country? Can you say why? Is there a security check before you board the plane? Who takes you on board the plane? What are the duties of a stewardess? When are passengers requested to fasten their seat belts? Do they serve meals on board the plane? Can passengers smoke during the flight? Do you get airsick when on a plane?
When did you last travel by plane? Where did you fly? How did you get to the airport? When did registration begin? What was it like? Did you have excess luggage? Was your flight cancelled? What did you do after you had registered your ticket and luggage? Was your journey pleasant? When did your plane land in X? What did you do on your arrival in X?
Have you ever travelled abroad? Where/When? What is the procedure of going through immigration and customs? Did you have any dutiable articles? Did you declare them? Did the customs officials examine your luggage? Did you enjoy your trip? Why/ Why not? How long did your trip last?
//. Speak on:
a) your last flight
b) your trip to a foreign country
c) the local airport
d) your experience of booking a flight
///. Travelling by train and travelling by air. Their advantages and disadvantages. Discuss.
IV. Act out the following situations:
1. Your friend has just returned from his/her trip abroad. Ask him/her about the journey and the usual routine at the customs.
You are on board a TU-134 to Dehli. The stewardess is ready to answer your questions about the flight.
You are in Washington on business for your firm. You want to go to New York to take part in an exhibition there. You've just come to the booking agency to book a train ticket, but there are no
train tickets available. You don't like flying but you'll have to travel by plane. There is a morning and a late flight to New York.
Writing I. Report the information from the letter:
One morning Mrs Morrison received a letter from her sister who lives in Melbourne, in Australia, telling her about plans to visit England:
My dear Mabel,
Just a short note to tell you that I have decided to come over to England to spend a few weeks in the old country. It will be marvellous to see you and little Margaret again. (I suppose she must be really grown up now!)
My plans-are as follows: I'm taking a flight from Sydney on November 20th. It's the night flight on Thursday evening and I'm flying with Air India. I don't know the exact time of arrival at London airport but I'll send you a telegram as soon as I find out.
I have arranged to stay at the Royal Tower Hotel which is in Knightsbridge, near Harrods.
I really am looking forward to seeing you both. Love,
Alice.
//. Write a similar letter.
HI. Write about an air trip you enjoyed.
LI N IT 19
COMMUNICATION: ADVICE GRAMMAR: RELATIVE CLAUSES
a) How to give advice:
Why don't you
I think
you should you'd better you ought to
go to the seaside.
b) How to accept a piece of advice:
that sounds a good idea Yes, I'll do that.
I'll certainly try that.
Thank you. All right.
Yes, certainly. Very well.
/. Listen to the dialogues and learn them:
1.- I've lost my passport.
You ought to report it to the police immediately.
- The last train goes in five minutes. I think you'd better hurry
up.
I'll do that.
- I've got an awful toothache.
You'd better go and see the dentist.
4. - I'm taking my exams soon.
You must work hard to pass them.
5. - I often oversleep in the morning.
Why don't you buy an alarm clock?
I'll certainly do that.
6. - Steve, you are too fat. You really should watch your weight.
You shouldn't drink so much beer.
I know I shouldn't, but I like it.
Well, then, you should get more exercise.
Yes, I know, but I never have time.
7. - Your car has a bad engine. Why don't you buy a new car?
I'll certainly do that.
8. - I feel seasick.
Perhaps you'd better go straight down to the cabin and lie down. You are not a very good sailor.
That's right.
9. - I'm afraid I'm getting overweight.
Why don't you go in for sports? It will do you good.
That sounds a good idea. Thank you.
10. - Your eyes are infected. You ought to consult a specialist.
I'll do that.
11. - I'm having my holidays in a week.
Why don't you go to the seaside?
I'll certainly try that.
12. - I have so many things to do tomorrow and I have an
appointment for 5 o'clock.
I think you'd better cancel the appointment.
All right.
13. - I'm going to stay at the Ramada Hotel.
You'd better book accomodation well in advance.
//. Respond to the statements giving advice. Use:
a) You'd better...
e.g. - I have a terrible headache, (take an aspirin) - You'd better take an aspirin.
1. I haven't enough literature for my report, (go to the library) 2. Our seats are far from the stage, (take opera-glasses) 3. I think
I've lost my way. (ask a policeman) 4. I'm going to fly there, (go by train) 5. It is very cold today, (stay at home) 6. I'm going to send her a letter, (a telegram)
b) You should...
e.g. - There's something wrong with my TV set. (take it to the
repair shop)
- You should take it to the repair shop. 1. The suit fits you perfectly, (buy) 2. The book is very interesting, (read) 3. The film is exciting, (see) 4. I don't know how to lose weight, (eat less) 5. I'm afraid I might be late, (take a taxi) 6. This dictionary is very good, (buy)
c) You ought to...
e.g. She is so busy now. (help) You ought to help her.
1. The doctor advised me to rest in the country, (follow his advice) 2. The traffic is heavy here, (cross the street carefully) 3. She looks tired. (she, have a rest) 4. I doubt the results of the experiment, (check them again) 5. I don't know how to get there, (find out at the inquiry office) 6. He is your uncle, (invite)
d) Why don't you...
e.g. - I can't repair my car. (ask James to do it)
Why don't you ask James to do it?
1. I don't like my present job. (change) 2. I'm in love with Monica, (marry her) 3. My car has been stolen, (report it to the police) 4. This dress looks smart, (buy) 5. There's an interesting exhibition at the Palace of Sports, (go) 6. Fishing is exciting, (try)
///. Advise your friend to (not to):
work harder; worry less; go to bed so late; spend so much money; take things easy; go in for sports; give up smoking; see the football match; consult the doctor; have a rest; get more exercise; buy a car
Your friend will accept your advice.
IV. Translate into English (self check):
1. - Я не сдал экзамен по английскому языку.
- Я думаю тебе следует больше работать.
- Да, конечно.
2. - У меня очень тяжелый чемодан.
- Тебе следует оставить его в камере хранения.
- Я так и сделаю.
3. - Я поправляюсь. Мне это не нравится.
- Почему бы тебе не заняться спортом?
Спасибо. Хорошая мысль.
4. - Я хочу съездить в Брест на выходные.
- Тебе следует заказать билет заранее.
Спасибо. Я так и сделаю.
5. - Лучше бы ты перевела этот текст завтра утром. Сейчас
- Я хочу закончить его сегодня.
6. - Тебе не следует тратить столько времени на чтение. Ты бы
- Ты права.
7. - Я собираюсь позвонить Роберту завтра.
- Почему бы тебе не позвонить сегодня?
- Его не будет дома. Он сказал, что уезжает в командировку на пару дней и вернется только завтра.
8. - Ты должен помочь Ане по математике.
- Да, конечно.
9. - Почему бы вам не купить домик у моря?
- Мы как раз собираемся сделать это.
10. - Ты очень бледна. Тебе следует проконсультироваться с врачом.
- Я обязательно сделаю это.
V. Listen to the conversations, read and learn them: 1. Tom: What's the matter, Jenny? You look worried. Jenny: Yes... I'm trying to lose weight. Tom: Oh, you don't need to lose weight. Jenny: Oh, I do! I've just bought some new jeans and I
can't get them on. They are too tight. Tom: Well, you should go on a diet. Jenny: I know, but what kind of diet? Tom: You should eat lots of salad and fruit. Jenny: Yes, but I don't like salad... I prefer meat. Tom: Well, you can eat meat, but you shouldn't eat too much
You shouldn't eat bread or potatoes, either. Jenny: What about alcohol? Can I drink wine? Tom: Oh, no, you should never drink alcohol.
2. Wendy: Hello, Charles... you look tired today. Charles: Yes, I'm working too hard.
Wendy: You should take a holiday.
Charles: Yes, I know I should... but we're just too busy. I'm
working twelve hours a day.
Wendy: Twelve hours! You're going to kill yourself! Charles: Well, what can I do? Wendy: Perhaps you should change your job. Charles: I can't... I need the money!
Max: What's the matter, Peter? You don't look very happy. Peter: I'm not. I'm worried about my English.
Max: What's the problem?
Peter: I'm not practising enough.
Max: Why not?
Peter: Well, it's difficult to meet English people.
Max: You should go out more.
Peter: Where should I go?
Max: You should go to pubs, you should join a club.
Peter: But English people never speak to me.
Max: Ah! You should speak first.
Peter: What can I talk about?
Max: The weather! English people are always interested in
the weather! 4. David: You look rather tired this morning, Father. What's the
matter? Aren't you feeling well? Father: Not very well, I'm tired. I slept badly last night. I've
been suffering from insomnia lalely.
David: I'm very sorry, Father. You ought to go and see a doctor. Father: I consulted the doctor two weeks ago and he prescribed
me some tablets. But they don't seem to do me any good. David: I think you should go in for sports. Why don't you try
jogging? It's so popular these days. Father: That sounds a good idea. I've thought about it myself.
I hope it works.
VI. Act out the following situations:
Your friend wants to lose weight. Tell him/her what he/she should do.
Someone wants to learn your language. Tell him/her what he/she should do.
A friend of yours asks you for advice. /she doesn't like his/her job; is short of money; doesn't like the place where he/she lives. Advise your friend.
VII. Read the conversation and say what Harry should or shouldn't do according to Steve:
Harry: I don't feel very well.
Steve: Well, I'm not surprised. You don't get enough sleep.
You always go to bed late. And you are working too hard. Harry: Yes, you're right. I'm always tired these days. I think I
need a holiday.
Steve: Yes, that's probably a good idea. And you also smoke too
much!
Harry: Yes, that's true. Steve: You don't get enough fresh air. You stay indoors all the
time
relative clauses
Illustrative Situations
/. Study these example situations:
That (or which), subject, for things:
This is the plane that took me to Switzerland
These are two of the steamers that take people round the lake.
That (or which), subject, for animals: This is the dog that bit him.
This is the kitten that was found yesterday
Who (or that), subject, for persons: That's the man who loves Jane.
A man who drives a car when he is tired may be a dangerous driver. Accidents sometimes happen to people who are usually careful.
4. That (or which), object, for things or animals:
Here are some of the things (that) you may hear in a London
bus.
These are the books (that) I borrowed from Mr Brown.
5. That (or whom), object, for persons:
The man (that, whom) you saw in my office was Mr Green Is she the woman (that, whom) we met yesterday?
6. That (or which), prepositional object, for things: This is the hotel (that) I stayed in.
This is the hotel in which I stayed. That's the hut (that) we slept in.
7. That (or whom), prepositional object, for persons:
The man (that) 1 lent my dictionary to hasn't brought it back. The man to whom I lent rny dictionary hasn't brought it back. Who was the woman (that) you were talking to when I saw you yesterday?
Who was the woman to whom you were talking when I saw you yesterday?
8. Whose, possessive, for persons:
Those are the people whose house I stayed at.
That is the man whose daughter John is going to marry.
// Listen to the conversations and learn them.
At a Party Steve: Look, that's the man who knows Jeff well. His
name's Carver.
Jill: And who is the woman who is talking to Mary?
Steve: 1 think she's the woman who works in Mary's
office. careful, Jill. Don't sit on that chair. It's the one that's wet. I spilt beer on it! I'm going to have some of that food now.
jiU- Don't eat too much. Those are all things which
will make you fat. Steve: But I like food that makes me fat.
At a Bookshop
Customer: I bought two expensive dictionaries here half an
hour ago, but I forgot to take them with me. Manager: Who served you, sir?
Customer: The lady who is standing behind the counter. Manager: Did you serve this gentleman half an hour ago,
Miss Roberts? He says he's the man who bought
these books. Miss Roberts: I can't remember, sir. The man whom I served was
wearing a hat.
Manager: Have you got a hat, sir? Customer: Yes, I have. Manager: Would you put it on, please? Customer: All right.
Manager: Is this the man that you served. Miss Roberts? Miss Roberts: Yes, sir. I recognize him now.
Back from Australia
Bill: Look, Bob. This is a photograph I took during my trip to Australia.
Bob: Let me see it, Bill.
This is a good photograph. Who are these people?
Bill: They're'people I met during the trip. That's the ship we travelled on.
Bob: What a beautiful ship! Who is this?
Bill: That's the man I told you about. Remember?
Bob: Ah yes. The one who offered you a job in Australia.
Bill: That's right.
Bob: Who's this?
Bill: Guess!
Bob: It's not you, is it?
Bill: That's right. I grew a beard during the trip but I shaved it off when I came home.
Bob: Why did you shave it off?
Bill: My wife didn't like it!
Practice
/. Join the sentences. Use "who", "whom" or "which": e.g. She is the girl. She met me yesterday.
She is the girl who met me yesterday. e.g. She is the girl I met her yesterday.
She is the girl whom 1 met yesterday. e.g. This is the book. I bought it yesterday. This is the book which I bought yesterday.
1. This is the car. The mechanic repaired it yesterday. 2. He's the man. I invited him to the party. S.These are the things. I boughi them yesterday. 4. He's the man. He came here last week. 5. He is the policeman. He caught the thieves. 6. She is the nurse. She looked after me. 7. I'm the person. I wrote to you. 8. They are the people. I saw them yesterday. 9. They are the trees. We cut them down yesterday.
//. Join the sentences. Use "that":
e.g. That's the doctor. He gave me the tablets.
That's the doctor that gave me the tablets, e.g. That's the car. It won the race.
That's the car that won the race.
1. That's the man. He stole my car. 2. That's the football club. It won every game last year. 3. That's the school. It has the best reputation. 4. That's the factory. It makes good cameras. 5. That's the shop. It sells foreign books. 6. That is the girl. She told me about you. 7. That's the teacher. He is going to give the lesson. 8. That is the word. It sounds unnatural.
///. Join these sentences together:
e.g. She is the girl. I met her yesterday.
She is the girl I met yesterday, e.g. This is the book. I bought it yesterday.
This is the book I bought yesterday, e.g. This is the ship. I travelled on it.
This is the ship I travelled on.
1. She is the woman. I drove her to London. 2. That's the film. I saw it. 3. That's the man. I spoke to him. 4. They are the thieves. The police caught them. 5. These are the letters. I typed them. 6. These are the people. You asked me about them. 7. These are the shoes. The boy took them off. 8. This is the man. I served him. 9. That's the house. He's going to buy it. 10. That is the girl. I danced with her. 11. That's the book. She's been reading it. 12. That is the man. I love him. 13. That's the plane. I flew in ft. 14. There's the house. We used to live in it. 15. There's the bridge. We crossed it. 16. This is the man. I want to see him. 17. This is
the girl. 1 want to marry her.->18v-This is the word. I don't know it. 19. That's the thing. I don't understand it. 20. That's the school. I study at it.
IV, Make progressive substitutions:
e.g. That's the man that makes chocolate. who= That's the man who makes chocolate.
10. the shop that
11. the man that
12. who
13. gives money away
14. the organisation that
15. helps old people
sells chocolate
the shop that
buys old books
4. the student that
5. who
6. the teacher who
7. has a good reputation
8. the firm that
9. repairs radios
V. Answer the questions:
e.g. There is Judy. She works in the newsagent's. There is Ruth. She works in an office. Which girl is Judy? She is the girl who works in the newsagent's.
There is my car. It is outside the garage. There is Bob's car. It is outside the theatre. Which car is Bob's car?
There is Tom. He is always hungry. There is Bob. He does not talk much. Which man is Bob?
There is John's house. It has a lot of windows. There is Pat's house. It has four floors. Which house is John's house?
4. There is our hotel. It looks expensive.
There is the Hunts' hotel. It has seventy-five bedrooms. Which hotel is your hotel?
5. There is Guy's coat. It is on the chair. There's Mike's coat. It seems old.
Which coat is Guy's coat?
6. There is Sue. She is coming out of the shop. There is Judy. She is going into the shop. Which girl is Judy?
7. There is Mum. She is talking to the waiter.
There is Aunt Ann. She is drinking a glass of water. Which woman is Aunt Ann?
8. There are Simon's football boots. They are under the table.
There are Peter's football boots. They are on the chair. Which football boots are Peter's?
VI. Put a relative pronoun "who", "whom", "which" or "that" into these sentences (if necessary):
1. The only games ... I play are football and tennis. 2. We don't know the man... lives here. 3. He is the only student...understands English well. 4. Have you sent the book ... I left on this tablet 5. The policeman is looking for the man ... left his car in the street. 6. I gave him the book ... I was reading. 7. This is the hotel at ... we are staying. 8. Is this the money ... you lost? 9. The car. he is driving is not his. 10. This is the man... we saw at the station yesterday. 11. Those... have finished their work may go home. 12. This is the horse... won the race. 13. He is the sort of person... everybody admires. 14. This is the plane ... took me to Pa ris. 15. Mr West put the bag ... he was carrying on the table 16. The table ... he put the bag on was near the door. 17. Both the letters... came this morning are bills. 18. That's the music, .is popular. 19. That is the city ... I was born in. 20. This is the island ... was bought by a millionaire. 21. This is the hotel ... was built last year. 22. The book... you lent me is not very interesting 23. The flowers... I love best are roses. 24. The man ... you met yesterday is an actor.
Fluency
/. Listen to the conversation "Holidays in
George: Good evening, Mary. I'm glad to see you. Come in.
Mary: Hullo, George! I haven't seen you for several weeks. You've been away from home, haven't you?
George: I've been in
Mary: I hope you had a good holiday. Did you enjoy yourself?
George: Very much. Shall I show you some of my photographs?
Mary: Oh, do, please. I like looking at photographs.
George: Here they are. This is the plane that took me
to
Mary: Oh, you went by air, did you? Do you like flying?
George: Yes, I like flying. I think it's much better than going by rail and steamer. The air-liners of British European Airways are very comfortable. They've carried millions of passengers quite safely. And of course flying is much quicker. Here's another photograph.
Mary: That's you, isn't it? Who's the girl at your side?
George: That is a girl who was with me in the plane. We became
quite friendly and spent a lot of time together.
Mary: And who is the girl in this
photograph? George: She is a girl who
was staying at my hotel in
I became quite friendly with her, too.
Mary: Well, here's another girl! That's three! Who's this girl? George: She's a girl who went up several mountains with me.
She was staying at my hotel too. She's very fond of climbing, so we often went climbing together. Mary: You like the girls and the girls like you. What's this?
It's a train, isn't it? George: Yes, that's a train on the railway that goes up the
by train? That isn't climbing. George: The railway doesn't go to the top! We climbed from the
end of the railway.
Mary: Here's a photograph of a steamer. George: That's a lake steamer. It takes passengers round one
of the two lakes at
two lakes. Mary: That's what the name
are these three men? George: The man on the left is an Italian who has climbed most of
the mountains in the Swiss Alps. The man in the middle is
a Frenchman who has done a lot of climbing in the
He's the man who took us up several mountains. You
must have a good guide in the
climb alone.
Mary: And what's this? George: That's one of the mountain huts we slept in when we
were doing a two-day climb. Mary: And this? It's a hotel, isn't it? George:
Yes, that's the hotel I stayed in while I was in
for a few days.
Mary: That's a pretty little village. George: Isn't it? It's a place where I stayed for two days after
my longest climb. I was very tired. Mary: And who are these people?
George: They're the people at whose house I stayed in the village. Mary: Well, you certainly had a good holiday. George: Yes, I enjoyed every minute of it. I hope I shall be able to
go again next summer.
Questions: Where did George spend his holidays? Did he have a good time? What did he do during his holidays?
//. Listen to the conversation again and pick out the relative clauses.
III. Role play the conversation.
IV. Situation: You've just returned from your holidays. You had a very good time. At the moment you are speaking to your friend about your holidays and showing him/her your photographs.
V. Listen to the texts describing pictures, learn the texts and describe your own pictures in the same way.
Nick Owen is a guide for Britannia tours. Some new tourists have just arrived in Exmouth. He's showing them around the town.
"I'm sure you'll enjoy your stay here. There's the beach that's the safest for swimmers. The other beaches aren't as good. And that's the shop that sells picnic lunches. Over there's the shop that sells souvenirs. I'll meet you back here at four o'clock.
Paul's showing Angela some holiday photos.
"Look... this is the hotel I stayed in... and here's the restaurant I used to go to. I used to eat there every day. This is the beach we used to lie on. It was a marvellous holiday."
3. Anne's just had an accident. She's telling a policeman about it.
"The car in front of me stopped suddenly. I managed to stop, but the van behind me didn't. It hit my car and pushed it into the car in front. There's my car. There's the van that hit my car. And that's the car my car hit."
4. Paul's showing Angela an old school photo.
"The headmaster's in the middle. He's the one that taught us Latin. His lessons were very boring. The fat one on the left is Mr Bunter. He's the one that used to hit us with a cane. Mr Cherry's on the right. He's the one that taught us French ... and football. 1 was never bored at his lessons."
5. This is a picture of Ronald Rigg. He's the man the police arrested yesterday. He's standing next to P. C. Martin. Martin's the policeman that caught him.
VI Listen to the conversation "A Court Case", read and role-play the conversation:
A few months ago there was a bank robbery in Stanford The police arrested a man and a woman. They're in court now A woman saw the robbery. She's standing in the witness box. The judge and the twelve members of the jury are listening to her A lawyer is asking her some questions.
Lawyer: Now, Miss Dexter. You saw the bank robbery,
didn't you?
Miss Dexter: Yes, I did.
Lawyer: You saw a man, didn't you?
Miss Dexter: That's right. I saw him when he went into the bank
and when he came out.
Lawyer: Now, look around the court... can you see that man?
Miss Dexter: Yes'. He's the man I saw.
Lawyer: He wasn't alone when he went into the bank, was he?
Miss Dexter: No, he was with a woman. Lawyer: Now, look around the court again... can you see
that woman?
Miss Dexter: Yes, there! She's the woman ! saw. Lawyer: I see, Miss Dexter. Now look at the man and woman
again. This is very important. Are you absolutely
sure about them?
Miss Dexter: Absolutely sure. They're the people I saw. Lawyer: Now, Miss Dexter. What was the man wearing
when he went into the bank? Miss Dexter: I don't remember everything ... but I remember his
hat and his bag.
Lawyer: Look at the hat on the table. Is that the hat?
Miss Dexter: Yes, that's the hat he was wearing. Lawyer: ... and the bag?
Miss Dexter: Yes, that's the bag he was carrying. Lawyer: Do you remember anything about the woman?
Miss Dexter: Yes. She was wearing a blonde wig and black platform shoes.
Lawyer: How do you know it was a wig, Miss Dexter?
Miss Dexter: Because it fell off when she was running to the car. Lawyer: Look at the wig on the table. Is that the wig?
.Miss Dexter: Yes, that's the wig she was wearing. [.Lawyer: ... and the shoes... look at the shoes.
I Miss Dexter: Yes, they're the shoes she was wearing. Lawyer: Thank you, Miss Dexter.
Self check /. Translate into English:
UN IT I
Exercise I, p. 18
1. I have done; 2. The delegation has already arrived... we haven't spoken; 3. I read... I haven't read; 4. Have you made; I haven't made; 5. She has gone; 6. Have you ever been; I have been; 7. I have played ... the summer began; 8. We haven't seen... we saw; 9. He has had; He has broken; 10. Have you finished; I have just begun; 11. have you brought; 12. Have you ever found; I haven't; 13. Has Mr West sold; he has; He sold; Has he moved.
Exercise II, p. 19
1. Have you ever played chess with Victor? Does he play chess well? - I don't know. I have never played chess with him. 2. How is Ann? I haven't seen her lately.- She is fine, thank you.- And how is your son? Has he finished school? - Yes, he is a student already. 3. I must pack the suitcase.- Don't worry, I have already packed it. 4. My nephew is only 5, but he has already learnt to read well. 5. Have you ever been to England? - Yes, I was there two years ago. 6. What h^s happened? - I have broken my favourite cup. 7. We have bought a new TV set. I like it very much. 8. Nina is very upset. She hasn't passed her exam. 9. Will Nick come to the party? - No, he has gone away on business. 10. Shall we watch TV tonight? - I haven't repaired it yet. 11. Have you signed the documents? - Yes, you may take them.
Exercise I, p. 25
1. Have you heard; He has broken; How did that happen; 2. I have just returned; Did you go; How long did you stay. 3. Have you had; Did you cut; Ann cut; 4. Somebody has spilt; it wasn't me; it was; 5. Did you see; 6. Somebody has taken; 7. I didn't eat... I didn't feel; 8. Why didn't Jim want; He was; 9. he has gone out; did he go out; 10. Have
you seen, I have; I saw; did you think; I didn't like; 11 I went; Have you ever been; Barbara has already been; She loved, she has never eaten; What did you order, I had...Mary tried; They were both, 12. I have never been; I went; I did; Have you ever been; a friend of mine stayed; He enjoyed.
Exercise II, p. 25
I. I have never been to
UNIT 2 Exercise VIII, p. 29
1. They seem to know each other. 2. He seems to be
very clever. 3. I'm looking forward to meeting you. 4. Nick ottered me his
tent, but I refused. 5. I suggested starting on Friday morning. My friends
agreed. 6. Tomorrow I'm going away on business Nina has offered to look after
my son. 7. His offer to help surprised us. 8. Ann suggested spending our
holidays in
Exercise I, p. 34
A. what are you and your sister going; I don't know; What are you doing; We are going; Where do you go; We have tried... we prefer; Do you take. . stay; we are taking: It'll be; it is; I'll talk., she thinks.
B. Postcards always spoil; I went; I visited...sat; A friendly waiter taught; he lent; I read... I didn't understand; I thought; My holidays passed... I didn't send; I made; I got up ...bought; I spent... I didn't write.
Exercise II, p. 35
- Hullo, Andrew! Glad to see you.- Hullo, Victor! I
haven't seen you for ages. Where have you been all this time? - You see, I've
just returned from
I had a good time. Come to see me one of these days. I'll show you my pictures.- All right. See you soon.
UNIT 3 Exercise I, p. 44
1. Victor has just returned from
Exercise I, p. 48
1. Somebody has broken; 2. John has forgotten; I have been expecting; 3. What has happened; 4. Haven't you finished; You have been reading; 5. I have been cooking; 6. What have you been doing; I have been sitting; 7. I have lost; 8. Have you been working; 9. He has appeared; 10. I've been cleaning; I have cleaned; 11. I haven't been waiting.
Exercise II, p. 48
1. The whole evening I've been typing. I have already typed ten pages. 2. We have been writing the test paper for 45 minutes already. Some of the students have already finished it. 3. Have you been waiting for me long? - No, I have just come. 4. What have you been doing this morning? - We have been planting trees in the garden.- How many trees have you planted? - Seven. 5. I have been translating the article for two hours, but I haven't translated it yet.
Exercise I, p. 51
1. Mr Clark worked; 2. She has lived; 3. They have been
married; 4. we were... the weather was; 5. The weather has been, 6. I have never met; 7. We spoke; 8. I haven't spoken.
Exercise II, p. 51
1. Ann and I agreed to go to the cinema yesterday. I waited for her outside the cinema half an hour, but she didn't come. I don't know what has happened to her. 2. When did you last see Robert? - I haven't seen him for two weeks. 3. How long have you been married? - I got married three years ago. 4. Where did you rest last summer? - In the Caucasus.- How long did you stay there? - About a month. 5. Yesterday I came home from work at 6 o'clock, rested about an hour, and then I went to visit my friend. 6. Where is the key? I've been looking for it (for)half an hour already. 7. How long have you you been here? - I came here an hour ago.- Did you meet Nick? - Yes, we talked for ten minutes and then he left.
8. How long
have you had this car? - Five years. 9. How long have you lived in
Exercise I, p. 54
1. It was still raining... I came; It has been raining; 2. I have been sitting; I have already drunk; ,3. What have you been doing; I haven't seen; 4. They haven't been working; They have been. 5. It hasn't rained; 6. I have been going; 7. Peter has been writing; He has already written; 8. I have been sleeping... I haven't woken;
9. I bought... I haven't worn; 10. He has already seen; He saw., he was; 11. When did you meet; I met; 12. Have you ever spoken; I spoke; 13. Peter has lived; He lived... he went; 14. I have just had; I finished; 15. I have made; I made; 16. I have never played... I played... I was; 17. I haven't heard... she went; 18. I lay. 19. Have you ever travelled; I went; 20. Have you lived; I have lived; I was born; Have you been; I went; 21. How long have you been; I arrived; I have been; Have you seen; 22. Williams live; They have only lived, They arrived... arranged; They haven't
made.....they think; The neighbours have been...Mr Williams has
invited... he will hold; His friends are coming (will come); The Williams family lived... they came; Mr Williams didn't like; he was visiting... he met... who offered; Mrs Williams wanted... they arrived... the sun was shining... she began; 23. Jack looked; Jili arrived; I have been waiting; he said; Were you; Jack went; he said; I got...you were not; I came... waited... you didn't come; What have you been doing; Jack asked; I have just been.
Exercise II, p. 55
1. Mr Smith is waiting for you.- How long has he been waiting? - About twenty minutes.- Let him come in. 2. Where are the
letters? I want to send them today.- The secretary has just brought them. She has been typing the whole day. 4. Can (May) I speak to Mr Voronov? - I'm afraid not. He has just gone out. 4. Let's go to the cinema. We haven't been at the cinema for ages.- Good idea. Nick says, that he has seen an interesting detective at the "Moscow" cinema. Would you like to see it? - Yes, I'm very fond of detectives. 5. When did you graduate from the Institute? - In 1975.- How long have you worked at this plant? - Five years.- Where did you work before? - At a research institute.
UNIT 4
Exercise VI, p. 62
1. Hullo! Haven't seen you for ages! How are you? - Fine, thank you. And you? - Quite well, thank you. 2. Good morning! Is the chief in? - No, he is at a meeting. Come at 12.-Thank you. Good-bye. 3. I must be off. I have an appointment at 9 o'clock. Remember me to your wife and parents.- Thank you. Good-bye. 4. Glad to see you. How are you getting on? - All the same, thank you. And how are you? - Not too good I'm afraid. My wife has fallen ill with flue.- Sorry to hear that. 5.Hullo! How are you? - Not too bad, thank you.- And how is your brother getting on? - He is fine.- Glad to hear that. 6. I hear Eve Brown is going to get married.- That's interesting news. It will be her third marriage. 7. I haven't seen your sister lately. How is she getting on? - Very well, thank you. She is now abroad, in Italy.- How long is she going to stay there? - A year and a half.- Give my regards to her.- Sure. 8. How are you, Victor? - Not too good, I'm afraid.- What's wrong? (What's the matter?) - I haven't passed my exam in biology.- Sorry to hear that. I'm sure you will soon pass it.- I hope so. I have been preparing for it for a week already.
Exercise I, p. 66
1. some; any; no; 2. something; everything; anything; nothing; 3. somebody; anybody; nobody; everybody; 4. somewhere; everywhere; anywhere.
Exercise II, p. 67
1. a little; 2. a few; 3. a few; 4. a little; 5. a few; 6. a little;
7. a few; 8. a few; 9. few; 10. little.
Exercise III, p. 67
1. much; 2. much; 3. many; 4. much; 5. many; 6. much; 7. many;
8. many; 9. much; 10. many; 11. many; 12. much.
Exercise IV, p. 67
Neither; both; neither; all; none.
Exercise V, p. 67
1. itself; 2. themselves; 3. myself; 4. himself; 5. herself, 6. yourself; 7. yourself; 8. ourselves; 9. yourself; 10. themselves; 11. himself; 12. herself.
UN IT 5
Exercise XVI, p. 78
1. Could you hand her this message? - Gladly. 2. Will you please wait for me a little? - All right. 3. Shall we drop in at this cafe? - Good idea.- What would you like - tea or coffee? - Tea with lemon.- Shall we eat anything? You must be hungry.- Yes. I'd like to try the beefsteak.- Anything else? - No, that's all.- So, we can make our order. Waiter! - Yes, sir? - Please, bring us two beefsteaks and tea with lemon.- All right, sir. 4. Could you give me a lift to the station? - With pleasure. 5. Could you do me a favour? I want to call at the post-office for the parcel. Will you, please, look after Ann while I'm out? - Certainly, I'll come in no time.
Exercise I, p. 82
to; past; at; to; near; from; of; on; for; for; with; of; of; for; out of; at.
Exercise II, p. 83
-; a; -; the; -; -; the; the; the; the; -; -; -; -; -; -; -; a; a; -; -; the; -; -; a; -; -; the; -; a; the; .the; the; a; the.
Exercise III, p. 83
Have you had dinner? - Not yet.- Neither have I. I'm very hungry. Let's have dinner somewhere together.- All right. Shall we go to the cafe in Main Street? - I'd love to. I have been there several times. I like that cafe very much. The cooking and the service are good there.
(In the cafe)
- What is on the menu today? - There are a lot of dishes to my taste. I'd like chicken soup, beefsteak and a glass of orange juice. And you? - As for me, I'll have a mutton chop and a bottle of beer. I don't want soup today.- Do you want ice-cream? - No, I don't like ice-cream.- Would you like anything to drink? - Let's have a bottle of dry wine.- Anything else? - No, that's all Let's call the waiter and make our order.
UNIT 6 Exercise I, p. 87
So am I; So did I; neither did 1; 'So were the rest of us; neither does Monika; so am I; neither have I; So has Monika; so are the people.
Exercise II, p. 88
1. Nick speaks English well.- So does his wife. 2. I haven't seen this film.- Neither have I. 3. We are going on an excursion on the week-end.- So are we. 4. Ann didn't come to the concert yesterday.- Neither did her brother. 5. I can't play golf.- Neither can I. 6. Yesterday I had to work hard.- So did I. 7. John likes figure skating.- So does his wife. 8. I don't know his address.- Neither do I. 9. Robert will come.- So will Victor. 10. I have already booked a ticket.- So have I. 11. Yesterday I saw Nick.- So did I. 12. I didn't like the concert.-Neither did I. 13. I'm glad to see you.- So am I. 14. I shan't be present at the meeting.- Neither shall I.
Exercise I, p. 90
aren't you; aren't you; don't you; don't you; didn't you; were you; aren't you; didn't you; weren't you; did you; didn't you; do you; didn't you; didn't you; weren't you; didn't you; wasn't there; do you; am I; isn't it.
Exercise II, p. 91
1. You live in Main Street, don't you? - Yes, I have lived there for five years.- You know Oleg Lobov, don't you? - Yes, he is my neighbour.- Can you hand him my message? - Sure. 2. Nick left for Moscow last week, didn't he? - Yes, he did.- He hasn't come back yet, has he? - No, he hasn't.- But he will come by Saturday, won't he? - I think so. 3. You ran't play chess, can you? - No, I can't.- But you play draughts, don't you? - Yes, I do.- Then let's play a game of draughts.
UNIT 7 Exercise I, p. 100
1. she and Arthur had held; 2. Peter was going... he saw... he hadn't met; 3. I hadn't fallen... I heard; 4. ! spoke... I thought... I had met; 5. we got... we found... the train had already left; I was waiting I was reading; 6. they had gone... I went; 7. I got back... they had sold; 8. He was...he had been working; 9. she opened... she read; 10. They had been sitting... the taxi finally arrived; 11. They left... he had finished; 12. He quickly forgot... he
had learnt; 13. we came... the Smiths had already lived; 14. He told... he had been fishing... he had never caught; 15. she (had) heard... she phoned; 16. he looked... he understood... he had got off; 17. Jack had done; He went; The weather was; It had stopped... the moon was shining. 18. Judy's father had managed; They caught... spent; They arrived... joined; they realised they had left.
Exercise II, p. 101
1. When I came to see Victor, he wasn't at home. He had gone to the station to meet his friend. 2. The tourists had been waiting for the bus very long, so when it arrived, it was already too late and they didn't want to go anywhere. 3. When I had told him everything he understood what had happened. 4. She looked at the watch. It was about 12 o'clock. She had been working at her report for 6 hours. 5. By the end of June 1 had passed all my exams and was free. 6. On Friday he wasn't at work. The day before he had gone away on business. 7. When I called Nick, I learnt that he had been ill for two weeks. 8. I had worked at a plant before I entered the Institute. 9. The meeting hadn't begun yet, when we came. 10. When i came home, the children were already sleeping. My wife said that they had been sleeping since 9 o'clock. 11. Victor said that he had reserved a room at the Ukraine hotel. 12. He had lived abroad for three years, before he came to Minsk.
Exercise I, p. 103
1. We shall have finished; 2. The lesson will have started;
he will have been living (will have lived); 4. he will have begun; 5. They will have been travelling; 6. She will have had; 7. They will have built; 8. I will have spent; 9. We shall have been flying; 10. The play will have begun; 11. they will have completed; 12. I will have been working.
UNIT 8
Exercise V, p. 106
1. Don't make iip. work so hard. She is tired of this work. 2. I made the typist type the letter again, because there were a lot of mistakes in it. 3. Why did you make him go there so late?
4. I'll do all I can to help her. 5. The film is different from the book. It is much more interesting. 6. She is proud of her son. He is very hard-working and does very well at school.
Exercise I, p. 120
to; to; on; with; outside; at; at; for; at; in; for; for.
Exercise II, p. 120
What are you doing tonight? - Nothing special, why? - Would you like to go to the cinema? - That's not a bad idea. I haven't been at the cinema for several weeks.- The Moscow cinema is showing "Gone with the Wind" based on Mitchel's novel.- My friend has already seen it. He says it is a wonderful film. Of course, we mustn't miss it.- Then I shall buy two tickets for the eight o'clock show. Does this time suit you? - Perfectly, thank you. And where shall we meet? - Let's meet at my house at 7 o'clock.- All right. See you soon.
UNIT 9
Exercise I, p. 129
1. I wonder where they usually spend their holidays. 2. I think that she hasn't come yet. 3. I hope that he won't miss the train, though he left for the railway station late. 4. I remember that I went away on business in September. 5. I wonder whether he will speak at the meeting. 6. She says that she doesn't like theatre. 7. I don't know when they will come back. 8. He says he was late for the lecture yesterday. 9. She wants to know at what hotel they are staying. 10. She says she has been teaching English for 20 years already. 11. He asks why you don't phone him. 12. Do you know when the train arrives in Warsaw? 13. Do you remember where we rested in 1980? 14. I'm afraid they missed the six o'clock train. 15. Ask her when she will come. 16. Tell him where she lives. 17. I don't know why Robert doesn't write to me. 18. I am not sure whether I shall see her tomorrow. 19. Do you know if there is a post-office not far from here? 20.1 think she will have typed the documents by 5 o'clock. 21. I've no idea what he is doing here. 22. I'm afraid that she has lost her way.
Exercise I, p. 135
1. the train stopped I looked... didn't see; I had sent... I thought... they would meet; they were waiting; We went... didn't find; We thought... something had happened; We had been waiting... we understood... they would not come; they had received... could not; 2. he had gone... who was coming; 3. I went; I took... looked; a waiter came... \ had chosen; I had chosen; I would take; 4. she had enjoyed ... she would spend; 5. I offered, She said... she had a headache... didn't want.
Exercise II, p. 135
1. Yesterday evening my brother called me and asked whether I wanted to go to the cinema. I agreed and I wasn't disappointed.
I liked the film very much. 2. I hoped that I would catch the last train, but I missed it. 3. Yesterday on my way home I called on Nick. He said he had just received a telegram from his mother and in an hour he was going to the station to meet her. 4. When I saw Nina, I understood, that she was upset by something. She said that her mother had fallen ill. 5. The other day I met John. He said he had bought himself a new car. 6. When I called on my friend, her mother said that she was not at home: she was taking an exam but she would be back soon. 7. In June my sister and I are leaving for the Caucasus. Our brother said that he would join us as soon as he passed his exams. 8. Yesterday I asked Steve to repair my iron. He said that his friends were waiting for him and he couldn't help me. He promised that he would repair the iron today.- Last month he promised to repair my bicycle, but he never did.- I hope that he will keep his promise this time. 9. I was surprised when I learnt that Robert hadn't passed his exam. He said that he had been preparing for it for a long time. 10. Peter said that he would be waiting for me at the entrance to the stadium and asked me not to be late.
UNIT 10 Exercise V, p. 138
1. Victor wants me to repair his car. 2. I want you to phone Nina and invite her to the party. 3. I don't want him to go with us 4. Do you want me to help you? 5. We didn't want the children to swim in such cold weather. 6. My brother wanted me to book the tickets in advance.
Exercise I, p. 149
It was raining... I woke; It always rains; We had planned... we decided; We had missed...arrived; We had arranged... he had been waiting... we got; The play had already started... we went; I am working; I have been sitting... I haven't done; I feel; I have already had; I went... it rained; I shall book.
Exercise II, p. 150
1. Do you want to go to the theatre on Saturday? - I'd love to. I haven't been at the theatre for a long time. What performance do you suggest? - I'd like to listen to "Carmen".-Who sings the part of Carmen? - Helena Obraztsova.- She is a wonderful actress. Do you think we shall be able to get tickets? - M> friend promised me to get two tickets.- Thank you. That's very nice of you to invite me. I shall be looking forward to the performance.
UNIT 11 Exercise VI, p. 154
1. Sorry for bothering you.- That's OK. 2. Sorry, I promised to return the book today but I forgot.- Never mind. You may bring it back tomorrow. 3. I'm sorry I'm late.- Never mind, we'll be on time. 4. I am very sorry that I didn't warn you about my arrival in advance.-That's all right. I'm always glad to see you. 5. Sorry, I have lost your dictionary. I shall buy you a new one.- Don't worry. I've got one more dictionary. 6. Excuse my calling you so late.- Never mind. I have just come home myself. 7. I'm sorry that I didn't help you.- Never mind. I managed myself. 8. Sorry that I didn't call for your coat at the laundromat.- It doesn't matter. You may do it tomorrow 9. I'm so sorry that I have broken your favourite vase.- Forget it.
Exercise VII, p. 158
1. Shall I help you translate the article? -Thank you, I can manage. 2. Shall I switch off the TV set? - Please, do, it's late already. It's time to go to bed. 3. Shall I give you a lift home? - No, thank you. I'd like to walk. 4. May I switch on the tape-recorder? - Please, don't. I'm tired and I want to sleep. 5. Shall I wake you up in the morning? - No, there is no need, thank you.
11 think I shall wake up myself. 6. May I use your pen? - Certainly. 7. Let me help you.- There is no need, thank you. 8. Shall I buy some bread on the way home? - Do, please. 9. Shall I repair your
I TV set? - Yes, please, thank you. That's very nice of you.
UNIT 12 Exercise I, p. 172
I rang up... he was preparing; He said., he had packed... he hadn't bought; I promised.. I would help; I was free... I could; He thanked... added... he would be grateful; I brought... my friend started.
Mrs Hudson was...she began; She went... told... she hadn't been feeling; The doctor asked ... she had; She said she had; Her husband had died, Mike had fallen... she was afraid he wouldn't get, Earnest had joined; The doctor advised; her heart was; it wouldn't be .. she would do.
an old lady happened; she stopped; they had talked... the lady observed... she didn't think he was; The man assured...he certainly wasn't; He said... his relatives had sent; The old lady promised... she would look... went; a big piece of wood hit; She turned... saw; she asked what was wrong; he merely wanted.
John Robinson had just returned... was having; Dobson rang, he was... his friend had arrived; he felt... was not sure he would be able.
UNIT 13
Exercise I, p. 183
1. Excuse me, sir. Does the 27 bus stop here? - Yes. Where do you want to go? - To the airport.- The 27 will take you there.- Thank you. 2. Excuse me, sir, I'm afraid I'm lost. Can you help me? - Where do you want to go? - To the Minsk hotel.- It is five blocks away from here. Go along this street as far as the traffic lights. Do you see it? - Yes.- Then turn left at the traffic lights, walk three blocks and you will see the Minsk hotel.- Thank you.- Not at all. 3. Excuse me, how do I get to the Central Department Store? - Take a number 84 bus and go as far as the Central Department bus stop. It will take you about twenty minutes to get there. Ask somebody to tell you where to get off.- Thank you.- That's . 4. Excuse me, does this bus go to the station? - No, you need the number 31. It will take you straight to the station. 5. What trolley-bus do you take to get to work? - I don't go by trolley-bus. First I take a bus, and then I change for the underground. 6. Could you tell me if there is a post-office not far from here? - Yes, there is one at the end of the street.
UNIT 14
Exercise I, p. 195
Victor asked George where he and his family were going to spend their holidays. George answered that they would go to one of the seaside towns in the Crimea. Victor wanted to know if they had booked the tickets. George said that he was going to do it on the next day. Victor asked how long they wanted to stay there. George answered that they were going to stay there about a month. In his turn George asked Victor where he would rest. Victor said that he wanted to go on a camping trip in the Alps. George was sure that Victor would have a good rest. Victor hoped he would
Exercise II, p. 195
The hostess asked her guest if he would like a cup of tea. The guest said that he would and thanked the hostess. The hostess asked the guest how he would take it and whether he preferred his tea strong or weak. The guest answered that he liked his tea strong and very hot. The hostess wondered how many lumps of sugar he took in his tea. The guest answered that he took four
or five lumps of sugar, for he liked his tea very sweet. The hostess asked if he liked milk in his tea. The guest said that he liked milk in his tea when he couldn't get cream.
Exercise I, p. 207
1. Fred asked a porter if the train for London had left and the porter answered that it had left ten minutes before. 2. John told Mary she was the most beautiful girl in the world... and told him not to talk such nonsense. 3. asked him what was wrong with it; told me to throw it away and buy a new one. 4. I asked her if she wanted to go to the cinema with me; she said she had already seen that film. 5. The manager asked me if I liked my work and I answered him that I did. He then asked me why 1 wanted to leave it then, so I told him I was moving to Glasgow. 6. I told him to take the first turning to the left and go as far as the post office. The man asked me how far it was and I told him it was about half a mile at the most.
Exercise II, p. 208
Mr Robinson greeted the Thompsons saying he was glad to see them in London. He asked his friends how long they had been there. Mr Thompson answered that they had been there only a few days, since Monday and he was sorry to say they had to return the following day. Mr Robinson asked if it was their first visit to London. Mr Thompson answered that it was his wife's first visit, but he had been there several times before. He had to come over at least once a year on business and felt quite at home in London. Mr Robinson asked Mrs Thompson what she thought of London. Mrs Thompson thought it was a wonderful place. Mr Robinson asked the Thompsons about their plans for that night and invited them to his place. Mr Thompson thanked Mr Robinson but he refused saying they were leaving the following morning and they had got a lot of things to do. He said that they might visit the Robinsons some other time.
Exercise III, p. 208
An old lady was going to take a taxi. She asked the driver to take her to the station. The driver agreed to do so. The lady told the driver that he must drive slowly and carefully. She warned him not to go until the policeman lowered his arm and not to rush round the corners as the road was very wet. The taxi-driver got angry with the woman because of her instructions and he asked her sarcastically what hospital she would like to be taken to if they did have an accident.
Exercise IV, p. 208
1. Yesterday I had a day off. I suggested to Ann going to the cinema, but she refused saying that she was getting ready for her exam in German. We agreed to go to the cinema next week. 2. The teacher asked me why I had missed so many lessons. I answered, that I had gone away on business. 3. When I was going to leave, my brother reminded me to bring him a Russian-Spanish dictionary next time. He said that he had to translate an article on electronics. I answered that I would call on him in two days and promised that I wouldn't forget about his request. 4. When I came home, my son was already sleeping. I wanted to talk to him but my wife told me not to wake him up because he was very tired as he had been repairing the car the whole evening. 5. The doctor advised me to spend more time in the open air and not to go to bed late. 6. Nina asked whether I would go to the party, and I answered that I would.
UNIT 15
Exercise I, p. 223
- Hello. My name is Kent. Last week I reserved a single room in your hotel.- Jast a moment. Yes, sir, we got your letter. I can offer you room 46 on the third floor.- Is there a shower in the room? - Yes, there is a bath and a shower.- That's fine. I hope there is a telephone in the room.- Yes, all the rooms in our hotel have got telephones.- That's very convenient. I must make some telephone calls. How much is the room? - 50 dollars a night.- All right. I'll take the room.-Then will you please fill in (out) the registration form? - All right. When do you serve breakfast? - From 7 to 9.30.- Is there a post-office in the hotel? - No, but it's quite near, on the other side of the street.-Thank you.
UNIT 16 Exercise IX, p. 229
1. What foreign language is taught at your Institute? 2. I wonder where this journal is published. 3. I think these books are sold in all shops. 4. What is produced at this factory? 5. This list of articles is recommended for your work. 6. Foreign films are often shown at our Institute. 7. What time is the library closed? 8. We are not allowed to take books out of the reading hall. 9. Is the mail delivered here by plane? 10. Many guests are expected today. 11. He is often sent letters. 12. What is sold at this shop? 13. How much are you paid? 14. Where are meetings usually held? What
problems are discussed at the meetings? 15 Where are the documents kept? Who are the documents signed by?
Exercise VIII, p. 231
1. Last year he wasn't sent abroad. 2. When were the tickets booked? 3. When was the post delivered? 4. The agreement was - signed on the tenth of March. 5. Why wasn't he informed about her departure? 6. Where was the conference held? 7. When was the station built? 8. How many letters were received yesterday? 9. We were not invited to the party 10. I wasn't offered a ticket for the concert. 11. Who was this work done by? 12. The guests were shown the laboratories of the institute. 13. This question was discussed at our last meeting. 14. The documents were typed on Friday. 15. The letter was written by my secretary two days ago. 16. The film was much spoken of (about). 17. Who was the article translated by?
Exercise V, p. 233
1. You will be shown a lot of places of interest in our city. 2. Will the letter be sent by air mail? 3. When will the tickets for the concert be sent? 4. When will dinner be served? 5. In what journal will this article be published? 6. She said that the tickets would be booked in a week. 7. The talks will be held in October. 8. I think you will be given a good room at this notel. 9. I hope the work will be completed in time. 10. I am sure that he will be invited to the conference. 11. Where will the meeting be held? 12. I wonder what film will be shown tomorrow. 13. The documents will be signed tomorrow. 14. She won't be told about that.
Exercise I, p. 235
1. Our tourist group arrived; A bus took; we were invited; We 'wanted ...none of us had been; We were shown and told; our tour came... we had learnt; 2. It will be posted; 3. were you taught... you studied; 4. Why didn't they come; I don't know; They were sent; 5. When will the tickets be booked; 6. I reached... I was stopped; 7. Are students allowed; dictionaries are not allowed; 8. A new stadium was built; 9. Are you looking; some gloves were picked up and given; 10. The mother was told; He will be examined; Everything will be; 11. Alice will be invited; 12. When are examinations held; They are held; 13. The old man fell down and broke; He was taken; 14. I was woken; 15. Mr Smith doesn't write... they are written; 16. Are these textbooks used; 17. Where are the journals kept; 18. Everything will be done; 19. Drinks are not served; 20. Who is this article written by; 21. An interesting article will be published; The author of the article has been working; 22. which were received; You will be given; 23. He
was asked; He was given; 24. This book will be discussed; A lot ot students will take part; 25. Where is; She was called; 26. He ls always attentively listened to.
Exercise II, p. 235
1. The tourists were shown St. Paul's Cathedral, one of the most beautiful buildings in London. 2. We were taken to the airport by bus. 3. Where will the talks be held? - In Geneva. 4. This novel was translated into Russian two years ago. 5. The delegation was met at the station. 6. Yesterday he was offered an interesting job at a research institute. 7. Go to the desk clerk. You will be given the key to your room. 8. Yesterday I was offered a ticket for this concert but I refused. 9. When will the telegram be delivered? -In two hours. 10. What language is spoken in Australia? - English. 11. When will he be sent a visa? 12. We were given all the necessary instructions. 13 She is highly spoken of. 14. What problems will be discussed at the conference? 15. When was the floor painted?
Exercise IV, p. 237
1. What is going on in the sitting-room? - The TV set is being repaired there. 2. There is nobody in the lobby. The guests are being shown the Institute. 3. Can I have a look at the test paper? - No, it is still being typed. 4. The room is untidy. The things are still being packed. 5. A new stadium is being built in our town.
6. Your proposal is still being discussed. 7. Why is it so cold here? - The hall is being aired. 8. Don't enter the room. The floor is being painted there.
Exercise VI, p. 238
1. The lecture was very interesting, and the speaker was being listened to with great attention. 2. When I returned to Minsk the Palace of Sports was still being built. 3. When Pr. Brown came his proposal was being discussed 4. An interesting concert was being broadcast at 5 o'clock yesterday. 5. When I joined the group of tourists, they were just being told about the history of the town. 6. When I returned my article was still being typed
7. There were a lot of people in the street. A government delegation was being met.
Exercise VII, p. 241
1. The letter hasn't been posted yet. 2. The doctor has already been sent for. 3. Have the newspapers been delivered yet? - Not yet. 4. Has your house ever been repaired? - Yes, it was repaired five years ago. 5. May I take the documents? - I'm afraid not.
They haven't been typed yet. 6. Be careful. The doors have just been painted. 7. Nina is pleased She has been offered an interesting job. 8. The telegram has just been received. It's on the desk. 9. Ann is leaving for Italy. She has already been sent a visa.
Exercise IV, p. 242
1. I was very glad when I learned that my son had been invited to take part in the international conference on electronics in Geneva. 2. I had to wait. The secretary said that the documents hadn't been signed yet. 3. Yesterday I met Ann. She said she had been sent a parcel and she was going to the post-office to get it. 4. By the evening all the things had been packed. 5. Little Kate was happy. She had been given a box of chocolate. 6. She was disappointed. She hadn't been sent an invitation to the party. 7. When I returned the article had already been translated.
Exercise III, p. 243
1. The work will have been done by the end of the month.
The letters will have heen typed by the time you return.
3. By the time you come back the experiment will have been comple-ted. 4. Come at 5. The documents will have been signed by that
time. 5. All the invitations will have been sent by the end of the week. 6. The telegram will have been delivered by II o'clock.
Exercise I, p. 246
1. Where is; It is being; It will be brought; 2. the door had already been locked; 3. tractors are produced; 4. Not a word was said; 5. Her favourite record has been broken; 6. The house has been painted; 7. my watch has been stolen; it will be found; 8. The results of the experiment are being discussed; 9. the documents hadn't been signed; 10. his device was being tested; 11. I have just been offered; 12. were you sent; 13. Where was the conference held; how long did it last; Did you hear; 14. It has never been used; 15. The school will have been built; 16. The article will have been translated; 17. John lives in Manchester. His girlfriend Mary is studying; She has been staying; John went; He is; He has just received; It was; you had gone I felt; I really enjoyed: I took... it was; The papers are being marked; I pass I'll get; I'll be able to get; You didn't tell; You said you were working; we had; We went...that was opened; Everyone was... the course had been completed; I'm going to miss... I've made here; you'll meet.
Exercise II, p. 247
1. Don't worry. Your children will be looked after if you return late. 2. Have the journals been brought yet? - Yes, they were brought two hours ago. 3 When I came, the guests were being shown the laboratories of the institute. 4. By the end of the week all the books had been sold. 5. We were expected on Wednesday but we came on Monday. 6. Meetings are held in this hall. 7. What question was being discussed when you came? 8. A new bridge is being built near the railway station 9 As soon as the documents are signed, we shall send them to Moscow. 10. The floor in this room has never been painted. 11. I shall be glad if my article is typed in your journal 12. He was glad because he had been promised help. 13. When and where will the conference be held? 14. I was sure that he wouldn't come unless he was invited. 15. I was offered a ticket for the concert, but I refused. 16. Students of medical institutes are taught Latin. 17. We were being shown slides when the dean came
UNIT 17
Exercise I, p. 256
of; on; -; to; on; by; at; before; on; at; at; to; for; to; from; into; to; -; in; -; at.
Exercise II, p. 256
Good afternoon. - Good afternoon. What can I do for you? - Are there any trains to Moscow today? - Yes, there are two night trains.- When do they start? - At 9 and 11 o'clock.- When does the nine o'clock train arrive in Moscow? - At 7 a. m.- That time suits me. Are there any tickets for that train? - Yes, there are some first class tickets.- I'm lucky.
UNIT 18
Exercise I, p. 269
1. went...who was coming; I arrived...went ...sat; it was announced... the plane was... I decided; I was just walking... I saw; We talked... went... we had; I remembered; We rushed; I was told... the plane from Paris had arrived; I hurried .. got... drove; I arrived... I found.
Exercise II, p. 269
Good morning! Will you tell me if there is a flight to London on the 25 th of October? - Yes, there are two flights - in the morning and in the evening.- When is the morning flight? -
At 6 a. m.- No, it's too early. I shall have a sleepless night if I go by that plane. When is the evening flight? - At 8 p. m.- When does the plane arrive in London? - At 10 p. m.- This time suits me. Are there any tickets for that flight? - Yes, there are some first class tickets.- I'd like a return ticket. I'm coming back on the 30 th of October.
UNIT
Exercise IV, p. 273
- I haven't passed my English exam.- 1 think you should work harder.- Yes, certainly. 2. I have a heavy suitcase.- You should leave it in the left luggage office.- I'll do that. 3. I'm getting overweight. I don't like it.- Why don't you go in for sports? - Thank you. That's a good idea. 4. I'd like to go to Brest for the weekend.- You should book a ticket in advance.- Thank you. I'll do that. 5. You'd better translate the text tomorrow morning. It's too late now.- I want to finish it today. 6. You shouldn't spend so much time on reading. You'd better spend more time in the open air.- You are right. 7. I'm going to phone Robert tomorrow.- Why don't you phone him today? - He won't be at home. He said he was going away on business for a couple of days and would be back only tomorrow. 8. You must help Ann with mathematics.- Yes, certainly. 9. Why don't you buy a house at the seaside? - We are just going to do that. 10. You look very pale. You ought to consult a doctor.- I'll certainly do that.
Exercise I, p. 283
1. This is the house I live in. 2. This is the ring he gave me. 3. The car which was found yesterday belongs to her brother. 4. The vase that was standing here was broken yesterday. 5. The man she is talking to is my boss. 6. The girl who brought the telegram looked very tired. 7. This is the hotel which was built last year. 8. The man you are speaking about is in the next room. 9. That is the student we saw at the theatre yesterday. 10. The book I'm reading is very interesting. 11. Yesterday I met my old school mate whom I recognized at once. 12. He is the most interesting man I've ever met. 1 . This is the thing I need. 14. There are a lot of people in our office who speak English well. 15. The student whose notebook I showed you studies very well. 16. Where is the letter I gave you to read? 17. He picked up the parcel which she had dropped. 18. Here is the money you lost 19. This is the town I was born in. 20. He is the man who helped me. 21. This is the news that surprised everybody. 22. Who is the girl you are looking at? 23. This is the school I studied in.
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