Present Perfect Simple

Present Perfect Simple

Affirmative : S + have/has + V₃

e.g. : I have never been to London.

Interrogative : Have/Has + S + V₃

e.g. : Have you ever been to London ?

Negative : S + have/has + not + V₃

e.g. : He hasn’t finished the book yet.

It is used to express :

• An action that was finished in the past but has some connection to the present .

1. The action was finished in the past but we don’t mention when it took place in the past because it doesn’t matter, what matters is the result in the present .

e.g. : I have lost my key .

2. An action that was finished in the past very close to the present .

Adverbs of time :

• just + V₃  I’ve just finished the book
• lately 
• recently

3. A past action which finished in a period of time that goes on in the present .

Adverbs of time :

today I have solved 2 exercises today.

this week/month/year I have seen 2 movies this week .

4. Adverbs :

a.       already

• The action was finished in the past sooner that I expected in the present .

e.g. : He has already finished his homework .

• In interrogative sentences already = ‘I know the action is finished but I’m surprised ‘.

e.g. : Q: Have you already finished that book I gave you yesterday ?

A: Yes, I have .

b.      not yet

• The action started in the past but is not finished up to the present .

e.g. : He hasn’t finished the book yet.

• In interrogative sentences yet = ‘ I don’t know if the action is finished or not and I want to find out . ‘

e.g. : Q: Have you finished the book yet ?

A: Yes , I have .

Adverbs :

ever

never before V₃

often

e.g. : Q: Have you ever been to Paris ?

A₁ : I have never been to Paris .

A₂ : I have often been to Paris .

6. Since + the moment when the action started in the past ( yesterday, Monday, last Monday, June , last June , last week, 1999, last year, S+V₂)

e.g.: I have lived here since last June.

I have started thins project since 1999.

I have worked here since I graduated .

7. For + period of time ( 2 hours, 2 days, 2 weeks, 2 months , 2 years, a long time , a while )

e.g. : I have worked here for 2 years.

I have written this exercise for 2 hours.

I have waited for him for a long time .