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Verbul - tabel recapitulativ

Gramatica


Nr.

crt



Numele constructiei verbale

Ce arata

Cum se formeaza

Exemple

Echivalen-tul romanesc

1.

Timpul Prezent Simplu (Present tense simple)

O actiune prezenta, generala: o stare permanenta etc.

S+V

They play tennis every week.

Tim likes to watch TV.

Indicativ, present simplu

a)

forma interogativa (interrogative)

O intrebare

Do/does+S+V?

Do you like the picture?

Does he want to come?

b)

forma negativa (negative)

O propozitie negativa

S+do/does+not+V

I don't like the picture.

She doesn't play the piano.

2.

Timpul Prezent Continuu (Present tense continuous)

O actiune care se desfasoara in momentul vorbirii; are si sens de viitor apropiat

S+am/are/is+V-ing

Somebody is singing next door.

We are leaving soon.

Indicativ, present simplu, viitor

a)

forma interogativa (interrogative)

O intrebare

Am/are/is+s+V-ing?

Are they eating now?

Is he coming tomorrow?

b)

forma negativa (negative)

O propozitie negativa

S+am/are/is+not+V-ing

You are not telling the truth

I am not going with you tonight.

3.

Timpul Trecut Simplu (Past tense simple)

O actiune desfasurata intr-un moment bine definit din trecut si incheiata

S+V-ed (vb.regulate)+V II (vb neregulate)

They learned English when they were in England.

Tom wrote a nice poem when he was in love.

Indicativ perfect compus

a)

forma interogativa (interrogative)

O intrebare

Did+S+V?

Did you see him yesterday?

b)

forma negativa (negative)

O propozitie negativa

S+did+not+V

Mary did not (didn't) want to come with us.

4.

Timpul Trecut Continuu (Past tense continuous)

O actiune care s-a desfasurat in mod continuu si neintrerupt inr-o perioada de timp bine definita din trecut, sau in acelasi timp cu una sau mai multe actiuni tot din trecut.

S+was/were+V-ing

Yesterday they were sleeping when he called on them.

Indicativ,imperfect

a)

forma interogativa (interrogative)

O intrebare

Was/were+S+V-ing?

What was he doing when you met him last week.

b)

forma negativa (negative)

O propozitie negativa

S+was/were+not+V-ing

She was not (wasn't) writing her homework, she was listening to music.

5.

Timpul Prezent Perfect (Present perfect simple)

O actiune care s-a desfasurat intr-un trecut apropiat , este nedefinita in timp si are legatura cu prezentul

S+has/have+V-ed/III

We have just finished our work.

He has never seen a fox.

Indicativ,perfect compus

a)

forma interogativa (interrogative)

O intrebare

Have/has+ S+V-ed/III

Have you eaten your cake?

b)

forma negativa (negative)

O propozitie negativa

S+have/has+not+V-ed/III

The have not (haven,t) arrived yet.

6.

Timpul present perfect continuu (Present perfect continuous)

O actiune care a inceput de curand si se desfasoara in mod continuu si neintrerupt pana in prezent.

S+has/have+been+Ving

The children have been playing for two hours.

Indicativ prezent

a)

forma interogativa (interrogative)

O intrebare

Have/has+ S+been+ Ving

Since when have you been reading?

b)

forma negativa (negative)

O propozitie negativa

S+has/have+not+been+



Ving

They haven't been waiting long.

7.

Timpul Trecut Perfect (Past perfect simple)

O actiune trecuta anterioara unei actiuni tot din trecut

S+had+Ved/III

They had got your letter before I met them.

Indicativ - mai mult ca perfect

a)

forma interogativa (interrogative)

O intrebare

Had+ S+V-ed/III

Had they arrived home before you got there

b)

forma negativa (negative)

O propozitie negativa

S+had+not+V-ed/III

The children had not seen a lion before they went to the Zoo.

8.

Timpul trecut perfect continuu (Past perfect continuous)

O actiune care a inceput intr-un moment din trecut si s-a desfasurat in mod continuu si neintrerupt pana intr-un moment tot din trecut.

S+had+been+Ving

The audience had been waiting for half an hour when the shoe began.

Indicativ- imperfect(mai mult ca perfect)

a)

forma interogativa (interrogative)

O intrebare

Had+S+been+Ving?

Had they been playing before we arrived?

b)

forma negativa (negative)

O propozitie negativa

S+had+not+been+Ving

We had not been reading long when she entered.

9.

Timpul viitor simplu (Future Simple Tense)

O actiune care se va desfasura intr-un moment din viitor.

S +shall/will +V( shall - I,we)

We shall do everything we can.

They will come tomorrow

Indicativ - viitor simplu

a)

forma interogativa (interrogative)

O intrebare

Shall/will+S+V?

Shall we go now?

Will you come too?

b)

forma negativa (negative)

O propozitie negativa

S+shall/will+not+V

I shall not drink anything.

I am sure Tom will not tell you the truth.

10.

Timpul viitor continuu (Future Continuous Tense)

O actiune care va fi in curs de desfasurare intr-un moment bine definit din viitor.

S+shall/will+be+Ving

This time next week I will be visiting Paris.

Indicativ -viitor

a)

forma interogativa (interrogative)

O intrebare

Shall/will+S+be+Ving?

Will you be working tomorrow afternoon?

b)

forma negativa (negative)

O propozitie negativa

S+shall/will+not+be+ Ving

Tom will not be traveling much this year.

11.

Viitorul Apropiat (Near Future)

a.A avea de gand sa, a fi pe punctual de a

b.A urma sa(actiune planificata dinainte)

c.Date, orare, actiuni certe

d.Actiune ce urmeaza sa fie in curs de desfasurare in curand

a.to be going to + V

b.to be to+V

c.prezent simplu

d.prezent continuu

a.They are going to study History.

b.What are we to visit tomorrow?

c.the plane leaves at 7:30

d.We are visiting London next week.

12.

Timpul viitor perfect (Future perfect tense)

O actiune viitoare desfasuata inaintea unei actiuni tot din viitor.

S+shall/will+have+Ved/III

They will have eaten everything on the table by the time we get there.

Indicativ - viitor anterior, viitor, prezent

13.

Timpul viitor perfect continuu (Future perfect continuous tense)

O actiune care va fi in curs de desfasurare inaintea unui alt moment din viitor.

S+shall/will+have+bee+Ving

Don't come till 10 tomorrow morning; mother will have been cooking by then.

Indicativ - viitor sau prezent

14.

Timpul viitor anterior (Future in the past)

Este folosit pentru a exprima o idée de viitor intr-o propozitie secundar atunci cand predicatul propozitiei principale este la un timp trecut.

Would+V

We all agreed that we would never visit them again.

Indicativ - viitor

15.

MODUL SUBJONCTIV

(The Subjonctive Mood)

O actiune ireal dar realizabila.

a.infinitiv present(V)

b.forma identical cu Past Tense (vb to be are forma were la toate persoanele)

c.forma identical cu Past Perfect

The important thing is that he take part in the discussion.

I wish he came sooner.

If he were me, he wouldn't make such a mistake.

He wished he hadn't been such a fool.

If he had been there we could have helped you.

Modul conjunctiv

Modul conditional

Modul conjunctiv perfect sau conditional perfect

16.

Subjonctiv analitic - constructii echivalente cu subjonctivul



a.shall/should+V;

may/might+V;

would/could+V

It is important that everybody should be here/could answer the questions.

I wish you would come sooner.

Hurry up, lest we should miss the buss.

Modul conjunctiv prezent

b.shall/should+have+Ved/III

may/might+have+Ved/III

would/could+have+Ved/III

It was strage that he should have behaved like that/could have made such a mistake.

Modul subjonctiv perfect

17.

Modul Conditional (The Conditional Mood)

O conditie sau o actiune dorita (realizata cu o anumita conditie)

a.conditional present: should / would+V

b.conditional perfect:

should / would + have + Ved/III

They would leave now.

He would have called you sooner if you had given him the address.

Modul conditional present

Modul conditional perfect

18.

Modul imperativ (The imperative Mood)

Un ordin, un indemn, o urare, un sfat

a.let+DO+V(pers I si III)

b.V(pers a II a)

Let Tom sing!

Let them dance!

Go home!

Come here!

Modul imperativ

forma negativa

O interdictie, un sfat, un indemn

a.Don't+let+DO+V!

b.Don't+V

Don't let Mary go!

Don't be rude!

19.

Modul infinitiv present (The Infinitive Mood)

Denumeste actiunea sau starea exprimata de verb

a.infin.scurt=V

b,infin lung=to+V

go, come, see

to go, to come, to see

Modul infinitiv prezent

20.

Modul Infinitiv Perfect (Perfect Infinitive)

Actiunea exprimata de el este antrioara celei exprimata de verbul din fata lui

To have+V ed/III

I didn't expect to have been spoken to like that!

Modul infinitiv perfect

21.

Constructia acuzativ cu infinitiv (Accusative+Infinitive)

Constructie tradusa prin ca.sa; ca+V la prezent, gerunziu sau subjonctiv (conjunctiv)

S+V(diateza activa)+DO+Vinfinitiv (scurt sau lung)

He made her cry.

I expect him to come soon.

We know him to be clever.

(ca).sa..

ca +prezent,gerunziu

22.

Constructia nominativ cu acuzativ (Nominative+ Infinitive)

Constructie inrudita cu cea de sus cu exceptia ca predicatul propozitiei este la diateza pasiva

S + predicat (diateza pasiva) + V infin. lung

She was made to cry.

Mary is heard to play the piano very well.

23.

Modul participiu (The Participle Mood)

a. Participiul present (Present Participle)

Este identic in forma cu gerunziul, diferenta constand in folosirea lui (impreuna cu verbul to be formeaza aspectul continuu,inlocuieste o intreaga propozitie,are functie de adjectiv sau adverb, urmeaza dupa o conjunctie)

a.V-ing(diateza activa)

b.being+V-ed/III(diateza pasiva)

We are reading now.

They sat down laughing.

b. Participiul Perfect (Perfect Participle)

Arata o actiune anterioara celei exprimata de predicatul propozitiei in care se afla.

a.diateza activa+having+V-ed/III

b.diateza pasiva+having+been+V-ed/III

Having finished the job they all went to bed.

Having been told to go home, John began to shout.

Intrucat....

Intrucat/Dupa ce....

c. Participiul Trecut (Past Participle)

Corespunde participiului din limba romana, este folosit ca adjectiv, intra in compunered timpurilor perfecte si a diatezei passive.

Vb. regulate: V-ed

Vb.nereg.: forma a-III-a

They have just been there.

He was called by his mother.

Translate the underlined words.

Modul participiu

24.

Constructia acuzativ cu participiu (Accusative+Participle)

Spre deosebire de constructia 'acuzativ cu infinitiv'aceasta arata ca actiunea este inca in cues de desfasurare

S+predicat (diateza activa)+DO+Ving

They hear Mary playing the piano now.

Gerunziu

25.

Constructia nominativ cu participiu (Nominative+Participle)

Exprima aceeasi idée de actiune in curs de desfasurare ca mai sus, dar predicatul propozitiei este la diateza pasiva

S+predicat (diateza pasiva)+V-ing

Mary is heard playing the piano now.

Gerunziu

26.

Constructia nominativ absolut

Verbul la participiu are propriul sau subiect, independent de predicatul propozitiei in care se afla

S+V-ing,.

Everybody having sat down, the actors began to play.

Weather permitting, we leave the town by plane.

Intrucat...

Daca..

Dat fiindca.

27.

Constructia participiu absolut

Subiectul participiului present lipseste

Strictly speaking, you are right.

All things considered we can draw a conclusion.

Strict vorbind...

Tinand cont de acestea.

28.

Gerunziul (The Gerund)

Este verb cu valoare de substantiv, deci este de cele mai multe ori insotit de un determinant substantival (articol, atribut) dar are si caracteristici de verb (are diateza, subiect, complement);poate fi folosit si ca adjectiv;urmeaza dupa o prepozitie, dupa anumite verbe si constructii.

V + ing

His coming here was unexpected.

These beautiful writings belong to Tom.

I feel like drinking a coffee.

We depend on their coming on time.

I cannot help laughing.

A sleeping-car (vagon de dormit)

Substantiv (verbal)

Supin

Subjonctiv

etc





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