REGIUNEA INDOMALAEZIANA

REGIUNEA INDOMALAEZIANA

Rgiunea indomalaeziana se extinde peste cea mai mare parte a Asiei de Sud-Est

Indomalaezia se întinde de la Afganistan si Pakistan, prin intermediul subcontinentul indian si de Sud-Estul Asiei, de la câmpia Chinei de sud, precum si prin Indonezia, pina la insulele Java, Bali, si Borneo, care se afla la est de linia Wallace, granita regiunii fiind numita de Alfred Russel Wallace, care separa Indomalaezia de Australia. Indomalaya also includes the Philippines , lowland Taiwan , and Japan 's Ryukyu Islands

Indomalaezia include, de asemenea, Filipine, cimpia Taiwanului , si Insulele Ryukyu din Japonia

Most of Indomalaya was originally covered by forest, mostly tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests , with tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests predominant in much of India and parts of Southeast Asia. Cea mai mare parte din Indomalaezia a fost initial acoperita de paduri, pe primul loc situindu-se padurile tropicale si subtropicale de foioase umede, cu paduri tropicale si subtropicale foioase uscate predominante în mare parte in India si partile din sud-estul Asiei. The tropical moist forests of Indomalaya are dominated by trees of the dipterocarp family (Dipterocarpaceae). Padurile tropicale umede ale Indomalaeziei sunt dominate de arbori din familia (Dipterocarpaceae).

SUBREGIUNI

Indomalaezia se împarte în trei suregiuni, care o definesc ca "grupuri geografice a ecoregiunii care au mai multe tipuri de habitat, dar care au afinitati puternice biogeografice, în special la nivelurile taxonomice mai mari decât nivelul de specii (gen, familie). "

subcontinentul indian

The Indian Subcontinent bioregion covers most of India Pakistan Bangladesh Nepal Bhutan , and Sri Lanka Bioregion subcontinentul indian acopera cea mai mare din India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, si Sri Lanka. The Hindu Kush Karakoram Himalaya , and Patkai ranges bound the bioregion on the northwest, north, and northeast; these ranges were formed by the collision of the northward-drifting Indian subcontinent with Asia beginning 45 million years ago. Hindu Kush Karakorum Himalaya si Patkai Hindu Kush Karakorum Himalaya si sunt o granita majora biogeografica ntre flora si fauna tropicala si subtropicala din subcontinentul indian si clima temperat a regiunii Palearctice

Indochina

Bioregion Indochina include cea mai mara parte a Asiei de Sud-Est, inclusiv în Myanmar, Thailanda, Laos, Vietnam si Cambodgia, precum si padurile subtropicale ale Chinei de sud.

raft Sunda si Filipine

Malesia este o provincie botanica care este traversata de granita dintre Indomalaya si Australasia. It includes the Malay Peninsula and the western Indonesian islands (known as Sundaland ), the Philippines, the eastern Indonesian islands, and New Guinea. Aceasta include Peninsula Malay si insulele vest indoneziene, insulele Filipine, insulele de Est indoneziene, si Noua Guinee. While the Malesia has much in common botanically, the portions east and west of the Wallace Line differ greatly in land animal species; Sundaland shares its fauna with mainland Asia, while the islands east of the Wallace line either lack land mammals, or are home to a land fauna derived from Australia, which includes marsupial mammals and ratite birds.

8 REGIUNEA NEARCTICA

The Nearctic ecozone covers most of North America , including Greenland and the highlands of Mexico Regiunea Nearctica acopera cea mai mare din America de Nord, inclusiv Groenlanda si zonele muntoase din Mexic. Southern Mexico, southern Florida Central America , and the Caribbean islands are part of the Neotropic ecozone, together with South America sudul Mexicului, Florida de sud, America Centrala, precum si insulele Caraibe, împreuna cu America de Sud.

SUBREGIUNI

Scutul canadian

The Canadian Shield bioregion extends across the northern portion of the continent, from the Aleutian Islands to Newfoundland subregiunea scutul Canadian extinzându-se peste partea de nord a continentului, de la Insulele Aleutine la Terra Nova. It includes the Nearctic's Arctic Tundra and Boreal forest ecoregions. Acesta include Tundra neactica si padure boreala.

In terms of floristic provinces , it is represented by part of the Canadian Province of the Circumboreal Region În ceea ce priveste provincii floristice, este reprezentat de o parte a provinciei canadiene a Regiunii Circumboreale.

edit ] Eastern North AmericaAmerica de Nord-Est

The Eastern North America bioregion includes the Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada, the Great Plains temperate grasslands of the central United States and south-central Canada, and the Temperate coniferous forests of the southeastern United States. Subregiunea America de Nord Est include foioase temperate si paduri mixte din estul Statelor Unite si Canada de sud-est, Marea pajisti Plains temperata din Statele Unite centrale si de sud-Canada centrale, precum si padurile de conifere din sud-estul Statelor Unite.

In terms of floristic provinces , it is represented by the North American Atlantic Region and part of the Canadian Province of the Circumboreal Region În ceea ce priveste provinciile floristice, este reprezentat de Regiunea Nord-Atlantic si o parte din provincia canadiana a Regiunii Circumboreale.

edit ] Western North AmericaEuropa de Vest America de Nord

The Western North America bioregion includes the Temperate coniferous forests of the coastal and mountain regions of southern Alaska, western Canada, and the western United States from the Pacific to the Rocky Mountains , as well as the cold-winter intermountain deserts and xeric shrublands and temperate grasslands and shrublands of the western United States Subregiunea America de Nord-Vest include padurile de conifere din shrublands regiunile de coasta si de munte din Alaska de sud, vestul Canadei, precum si vestul Statelor Unite de la Pacific la Muntii Stâncosi, precum si desertul rece de iarna dintre munti si Pajistile temperate din vestul Statelor Unite.

In terms of floristic provinces , it is represented by the Rocky Mountain Region edit ] Northern Mexico Mexicul de Nord

The Northern Mexico bioregion includes the mild-winter to cold-winter deserts and xeric shrublands of northern Mexico and the southwestern United States, including the Chihuahuan Sonoran , and Mojave deserts, as well as the Mediterranean climate California chaparral and woodlands and the warm temperate and subtropical pine and pine-oak forests, including the Arizona Mountains forests and the Sierra Madre Occidental Sierra Madre Oriental , and Sierra Juarez and San Pedro Martir pine-oak forests. Subregiunea Mexicul de nord include o usoara-iarna din deserturile reci de iarna si de terenurile cu arbusti xerofili din Mexic de nord si sud-vestul Statelor Unite, inclusiv Chihuahua, Sonoran, si deserturile Mojave, precum si de climatul mediteranean Chaparral California si padurile temperate calde precum si subtropicale de pin si paduri de stejar, inclusiv a padurilor din muntii Arizona si Sierra Occidentala, Sierra Orientala, precum si padurile Sierra Juarez si San Pedro Martir de pin si de stejar.

edit ] Flora and fauna that originated in the NearcticFlora si fauna ca originea in Nearctic

Animals originally unique to the Nearctic include: Animale initial unice din regiunea nearctica sunt:

• Family Canidae dogs wolves foxes , and coyotes Familia Canidae, câini, lupi, vulpi, si Coioti
• Family Camelidae camels and their South American relatives including the llama Familie Camelidae, camile si rudele lor din America de Sud, inclusiv lama. The last North American Camelids went extinct during the last ice age.
• Family Equidae horses and their relatives. Familie Ecvideele, caii si rudele lor.
• Family Antilocapridae , which includes the pronghorn Familie Antilocapridae, care include Pronghorn
• Tremarctine, or short-faced, bears , including the extinct giant short-faced bear ( Arctodus simius

edit ] Flora and fauna endemic to the NearcticFlora si fauna endemice pentru a Nearctic

One bird family, the wrentits ( Timaliinae ), is endemic to the Nearctic region. Familie de pasari, (Timaliinae), este endemica în regiune Nearctic. The Holarctic has four endemic families: divers ( Gaviidae ), grouse ( Tetraoninae ), auks ( Alcidae ), and the waxwings ( Bombycillidae ).

Plants families endemic or nearly endemic to the Nearctic include Crossosomataceae Simmondsiaceae , and Limnanthaceae Familiile d plante endemice sau aproape endemice pentru a Nearctic includ Crossosomataceae, Simmondsiaceae, si Limnanthaceae.