REGIUNEA OCEANIA

REGIUNEA OCEANIA

The ecozone includes the Pacific Ocean islands of Micronesia , the Fijian Islands , and most of Polynesia (with the exception of New Zealand New Zealand and most of Melanesia , including New Guinea Vanuatu , the Solomon Islands , and New Caledonia , are included, with Australia in the Australasia ecozone Ecozone include Oc. Pacific, insulele din Oceanul din Micronezia, Insulele Fidji, si de cele mai multe insule din Polinezia (cu exceptia insulei Noua Zeelanda). Noua Zeelanda si cele mai multe insule din Melanezia, inclusiv Noua Guinee, Vanuatu, Insulele Solomon, si Noua Caledonie, sunt incluse , cu Australia īn regiunea Australiana. Oceania is the smallest in land area of any of the ecozones. Oceania este cea mai mica, dupa suprafata din restul regiunilor.

Geologie

Oceania , is geologically the youngest ecozone. Oceania, este cea mai tanara regiu 555e46f ne geologic. While other ecozones include old continental land masses or fragments of continents, Oceania is composed mostly of volcanic high islands and Coral atolls that arose from the sea in geologically recent times, many of them in the Pleistocene Īn timp ce alte regiuni includ mase continentale vechi de teren sau fragmente de continente, Oceania este compusa īn principal din insule vulcanice insule mari din Corali care au aparut in ultima vreme, multe dintre ele din Pleistocen. They were created either by hotspot volcanism, or as island arcs pushed upward by the collision and subduction of tectonic plates Acestea au fost create fie de fenomene vulcanice sau ca arcuri de insula īmpins īn sus de coliziunile si subductiiile placilor tectonice. The islands range from tiny islets, sea stacks and coral atolls to large mountainous islands, like Hawaii and Fiji Insulele variaza de la insulele mici, stive de mare si corali insule mari, insule muntoase, cum ar fi Hawaii si Fiji.

Clima

The climate of Oceania's islands is tropical or subtropical, and range from humid to seasonally dry. Clima insulelor din Oceania este tropicala sau subtropicala, si variaza, pe sezoane, de la umed la uscat . Wetter parts of the islands are covered by Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests , while the drier parts of the islands, including the leeward sides of the islands and many of the low coral islands, are covered by Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests and Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands Hawaii 's high volcanoes, Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa , are home to some rare tropical Montane grasslands and shrublands Partile umede din insule sunt acoperite de paduri tropicale si subtropicale umede de foioase, īn timp ce regiunile uscate ale insulelor, inclusiv parti supuse vānturilor si multe insule mici de corali, sunt acoperite de paduri tropicale si subtropicale uscate de foioase si tropicale si Pajisti subtropicale, savannas, si terenuri acoperite cu arbusti.

Flora si fauna

Since the islands of Oceania were never connected by land to a continent, the flora and fauna of the islands originally reached them from across the ocean (though at the height of the last ice age sea levels were much lower than today and many current Seamounts were islands, so some now isolated islands were once less isolated). Avānd īn vedere ca insulele din Oceania nu au fost niciodata legate de un continent, flora si fauna din insulele sa adaptat la viata pe insule. Insulele mai mari cu diverse nise ecologice, au īncurajat dezvoltarea florei si Faunei, prin care mai multe specii au evoluat de la un stramos comun, fiecare specie adaptata la o nisa ecologica diferita; diferite specii din familia Drepanididae sunt un exemplu clasic. Other adaptations to island ecologies include giantism, dwarfism, and, among birds, loss of flight. Alte adaptari pentru ecologice ale insulelor sunt giantismul, nanismul, si, printre pasari, pierderea capacitatii de a zbura. Oceania has a number of endemic species; Hawaii in particular is considered a global 'center of endemism', with its forest ecoregions having one of the highest percentages of endemic plants in the world. Oceania are o serie de specii endemice; Hawaii īn special, se considera un centru global "de endemism", avānd unul dintre cele mai īnalte procente de plante endemice īn lume.

Flora

Land plants disperse by several different means. Plantele se disperseaza prin mai multe mijloace diferite. Many plants, mostly ferns and mosses but also some flowering plants, disperse on the wind, relying on tiny spores or feathery seeds that can remain airborne over long distances notably Metrosideros trees from New Zealand spread on the wind across Oceania. Multe plante, mai ales ferigi si muschi, si, de asemenea, unele plante cu flori, se inmultesc cu ajutorul vāntului, bazāndu-se pe spori mici sau de seminte usoare care pot ramāne īn aer pe distante lungi, īn special arborii Metrosideros din Noua Zeelanda raspāndit de vant peste Oceania. Other plants, notably coconut palms and mangroves , produce seeds that can float in salt water over long distances, eventually washing up on distant beaches, and thus Cocos trees are ubiquitous across Oceania. Birds are also an important means of dispersal; some plants produce sticky seeds that are carried on the feet or feathers of birds, and many plants produce fruits with seeds that can pass through the digestive tracts of birds. Pandanus trees are fairly ubiquitous across Oceania. Alte plante, cum sunt palmierii īn special de nuca de cocos si de mangrove, produc seminte care pot pluti īn apa sarata pe distante lungi, īn cele din urma ajung pe plaje la distante foarte mari, si, astfel, palmierul de Cocos este omnipresent īn īntreaga Oceanie. Pasarile sunt, de asemenea, un mijloc important de dispersie; unele plante produc seminte lipicioase, care sunt transportate lipindu-se de picioarele sau penele pasarilor, precum si multe plante produc fructe cu seminte, care poate trece prin tractul digestiv al pasarilor. La fel arborii Pandanus sunt destul de omniprezenti īn Oceania. Botanists generally agree that much of the flora of Oceania is derived from the Malesian Flora of the Malay Peninsula Indonesia , the Philippines , and New Guinea , with some plants from Australasia and a few from the Americas , particularly in Hawaii. Easter Island has some plants from South America such as the totora reed Botanistii, īn general, considera ca o mare parte a florei din Oceania este derivat din Flora Malesian

a Peninsulei Malay, Indonezia, Filipine, si-Noua Guinee, cu unele plante din Australia si cāteva din cele doua Americi, īn special īn Hawaii. Insula Pastelui are unele plante din America de Sud, cum ar fi totora Reed.

Subregiunile oceaniei terstre:

Federated States of Micronesia Statele Federale ale Microneziei

Cook Islands Johnston Atoll Kiribati Palmyra Atoll Insulele Cook, Johnston Atoll, Kiribati, Palmyra Atoll

Cook Islands Insulele Cook

Marshall Islands Nauru Kiribati Wake Island Insulele Marshall, Nauru, Kiribati, Insula Wake

Fiji Fiji

Hawaii Hawai

New Zealand Noua Zeelanda

French Polynesia Polinezia franceza

Bonin Islands Japan Bonin Insulele (Japonia)

Palau Palau

Easter Island Chile Insula Pastelui (Chile)

American Samoa Western Samoa Samoa Americana, Samoa de Vest

Tonga Tonga